{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:14:23Z","timestamp":1791350063318,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the hemodynamic parameters analyzed in bioimpedance cardiography during maximal exercise in patients with type 1 diabetes differing in insulin resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study group consisted of 40 men with type 1 diabetes. Tissue sensitivity to insulin was assessed on the basis of the glucose disposal rate (GDR) analyzed during hyperinsulinemic\u2013euglycemic clamp. Patients were divided into groups with GDR &lt;4.5\u2009mg\/kg\/min (G1 group\u2014lower insulin sensitivity) and GDR \u22654.5\u2009mg\/kg\/min (G2 group\u2014higher insulin sensitivity). During the exercise test, the heart rate, systolic volume, cardiac output, cardiac index were measured by the impedance meter (PhysioFlow).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the G2 group, the G1 group had a lower cardiac output (CO): during exercise 8.6 (IQR 7.7\u201310.0) versus 12.8 (IQR 10.8\u201313.7) L\/min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, at the maximal effort 13.1 (IQR 12.2\u201316.7) versus 18.6 (IQR 16.9\u201320.2) L\/min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001, and during observation after exercise 8.4 (IQR 6.3\u20139.6) versus 11.9 (IQR 10.1\u201313.1) L\/min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. We noticed a positive correlation of GDR and cardiac output: during the exercise test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.63,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002), at the maximal effort (Rs 0.56,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and during observation after the exercise test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In multivariate logistic regression, cardiac output during exercise and during observation was associated with high GDR, regardless of the age and duration of diabetes [OR: 1.98 (95% CI 1.10\u20133.56),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 and OR: 1.91 (95% CI 1.05\u20133.48),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03; respectively].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In nonobese subjects with type 1 diabetes, with good metabolic control, insulin resistance is associated with cardiac hemodynamic parameters assessed during and after exercise. The higher the insulin resistance the lower the cardiac output during maximal exercise in men with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2017.0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]],"date-time":"2017-04-10T11:40:19Z","timestamp":1491824419000},"page":"252-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Higher the Insulin Resistance the Lower the Cardiac Output in Men with Type 1 Diabetes During the Maximal Exercise Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Niedzwiecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Naskret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislaw","family":"Pilacinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Pempera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Uruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Adamska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2010.04.1764"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"S37","article-title":"Physical activity and diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Sigal RJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sigal RJ, , Kenny G, , Oh P, et al. 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