{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1792324851410,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is common in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), and it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a time-efficient exercise strategy for cardiometabolic health. We compared the effects of HIIT and MICT on epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and endothelial function in patients with hypertensive MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 34 participants with hypertensive MS (mean age: 50.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9 years) were randomized to either the HIIT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917) or MICT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917) group. In the HIIT group, participants performed for 3\u2009min at 40% heart-rate reserve (HRR), which was alternated with 3\u2009min at 80% HRR, whereas participants in the MICT group performed at 60% of HRR thrice a week for 8 weeks. EFT was measured with echocardiography, and endothelial function was determined by quantifying endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), nitric oxide (NO), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After exercise training, patients in both the groups showed significantly decreased EFT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and improved FMD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). NO (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and EPCs (CD34\/KDR,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01; CD34\/CD117,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; CD34\/CD133,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were significantly improved in the HIIT group, but not in the MICT group. In addition, HIIT had a greater effect than MICT on FMD (group difference,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and EFT (group difference,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to MICT, HIIT seems to better improve FMD and EFT. This finding suggests that HIIT could be more effective than MICT in improving endothelial function in patients with hypertensive MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T15:18:31Z","timestamp":1578928711000},"page":"96-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Epicardial Fat Thickness and Endothelial Function in Hypertensive Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eun-Ah","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Convergence Medicine &amp; Exercise Science Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 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