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Whether reduced amounts of training are sufficient to enhance spinal plasticity to a level that is necessary for improving function is not known. The focus of the present study was to assess differences in recovery of locomotor function and spinal plasticity as a function of the amount of steps taken during WSTT in a rodent model of spinal cord injury. Rats were spinally transected at 5 days of age. When they reached 28 days of age, a robotic system was used to implement a weight-supported treadmill training program of either 100 or 1000 steps\/training session daily for 4 weeks. Antibodies for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, and the pre-synaptic marker, synaptophysin, were used to examine the expression of these proteins in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord. Rats that received weight-supported treadmill training performed better stepping relative to untrained rats, but only the rats that received 1000 steps\/training session recovered locomotor function that resembled normal patterns. Only the rats that received 1000 steps\/training session recovered normal levels of synaptophysin immunoreactivity around motor neurons. Weight-supported treadmill training consisting of either 100 or 1000 steps\/training session increased BDNF immunoreactivity in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord. TrkB expression in the ventral horn was not affected by spinal cord transection or weight-supported treadmill training. Synaptophysin expression, but not BDNF or TrkB expression was correlated with the recovery of stepping function. These findings suggested that a large amount of weight-supported treadmill training was necessary for restoring synaptic connections to motor neurons within the locomotor generating circuitry. Although a large amount of training was best for recovery, small amounts of training were associated with incremental gains in function and increased BDNF levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T10:32:50Z","timestamp":1302258770000},"page":"1021-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Differential Effects of Low versus High Amounts of Weight Supported Treadmill Training in Spinally Transected Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ray D.","family":"de Leon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl H.T.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91442-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.7.688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.1.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing","volume":"72","author":"Edgerton V. 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