{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:09:25Z","timestamp":1792667365086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and early predictors of neurological outcomes are of great clinical importance. Cell free DNA (CFD), a biomarker used for the diagnosis and monitoring of several diseases, has been implicated as a possible prognostic indicator after TBI. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern and timing of CFD levels after TBI, and whether a relationship exists between the level of CFD and brain edema and neurological outcomes. Thirty-nine Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups: rats in group 1 (sham group) were anesthetized and had a scalp incision without TBI, and rats in group 2 were anesthetized and had a scalp incision with TBI, which was induced by using a weight drop model that causes diffuse brain injury. A neurological severity score (NSS) was assessed at 1, 24, and 48\u2009h after TBI. CFD was measured via blood samples drawn at t=0 (baseline), 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120\u2009h after TBI. At 48\u2009h after TBI, brain edema was determined in a subgroup of 11 rats by calculating the difference between rats' wet and dry brain weight. The significance of comparisons between and within groups (CFD levels, brain water content, and NSS) were determined using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Mann\u2013Whitney and Student\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    test. The correlation between CFD levels and the NSS, as well as between CFD levels and the extent of brain edema, was calculated using the Spearman and Pearson tests, respectively. Compared with baseline levels, the CFD levels in rats subjected to TBI were significantly increased at 24 and 48\u2009h after TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.01 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05, respectively). A positive correlation was demonstrated between CFD levels 24\u2009h following TBI and the extent of brain edema (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.63,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05), as well as between CFD levels and the NSS (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.79,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.005). In this study, we demonstrated an increase in CFD levels after TBI, as well as a correlation between CFD levels and brain edema and NSS. CFD levels may provide a quick, reliable, and simple prognostic indicator of neurological outcome in animals after TBI. Its role in humans has not been clearly elucidated, but has potentially significant clinical implications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T15:18:31Z","timestamp":1323271111000},"page":"261-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cell-Free DNA as a Marker for Prediction of Brain Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Ohayon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haifa University","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Douvdevani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Gruenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian I.","family":"Teichberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zlotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03040.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.6.1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91712-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00337-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1996.13.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1994.11.357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2009.009002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199812000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Detection of brain atrophy following traumatic brain injury using gravimetric techniques","volume":"70","author":"Hayasaki K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hayasaki K., , Marmarou A., , Barzo P., , Fatouros P., , Corwin F. 1997. 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