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We studied the biomechanical loading with a set of pressure gauges mounted on the surface of the nose, in the cranial space, and in the thoracic cavity of cadaver rats. Anesthetized rats were exposed to a single blast at precisely controlled five peak overpressures over a wide range (130, 190, 230, 250, and 290\u2009kPa). We observed 0% mortality rates in 130 and 230\u2009kPa groups, and 30%, 24%, and 100% mortality rates in 190, 250, and 290\u2009kPa groups, respectively. The body weight loss was statistically significant in 190 and 250\u2009kPa groups 24\u2009h after exposure. The data analysis showed the magnitude of peak-to-peak amplitude of intracranial pressure (ICP) fluctuations correlates well with mortality rates. The ICP oscillations recorded for 190, 250, and 290\u2009kPa are characterized by higher frequency (10\u201320 kHz) than in other two groups (7\u20138 kHz). We noted acute bradycardia and lung hemorrhage in all groups of rats subjected to the blast. We established the onset of both corresponds to 110\u2009kPa peak overpressure. The immunostaining against immunoglobulin G (IgG) of brain sections of rats sacrificed 24-h post-exposure indicated the diffuse blood-brain barrier breakdown in the brain parenchyma. At high blast intensities (peak overpressure of 190\u2009kPa or more), the IgG uptake by neurons was evident, but there was no evidence of neurodegeneration after 24\u2009h post-exposure, as indicated by cupric silver staining. We observed that the acute response as well as mortality is a non-linear function over the peak overpressure and impulse ranges explored in this work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T22:47:49Z","timestamp":1359586069000},"page":"1147-1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Rat Injury Model under Controlled Field-Relevant Primary Blast Conditions: Acute Response to a Wide Range of Peak Overpressures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maciej","family":"Skotak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Alai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Switzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroScience Associates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namas","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(86)80940-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042083"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"S77","article-title":"Studies on lung injuries caused by blast underpressure","volume":"40","author":"Zhang J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang J., , Wang Z., , Leng H., , Yang Z. 1996. 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