{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:18:01Z","timestamp":1786407481250,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Microthrombus formation and bleeding worsen the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the current study was to characterize these processes in the brain parenchyma after experimental TBI and to determine the involvement of coagulation factor XI (FXI).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C57BL\/6<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009101) and FXI-deficient mice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915) were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI). Wild-type mice received an inhibitory antibody against FXI (14E11) or control immunoglobulin G 24\u2009h before or 30 or 120\u2009min after CCI. Cerebral microcirculation was visualized\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by 2-photon microscopy 2-3\u2009h post-trauma and histopathological outcome was assessed after 24\u2009h. TBI induced hemorrhage and microthrombus formation in the brain parenchyma (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Inhibition of FXI activation or FXI deficiency did not reduce cerebral thrombogenesis, lesion volume, or hemispheric swelling. However, it also did not increase intracranial hemorrhage. Formation of microthrombosis in the brain parenchyma after TBI is independent of the intrinsic coagulation cascade since it was not reduced by inhibition of FXI. However, since targeting FXI has well-established antithrombotic effects in humans and experimental animals, inhibition of FXI could represent a reasonable strategy for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in immobilized patients with TBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T06:07:33Z","timestamp":1444284453000},"page":"1634-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Formation of Microthrombi in Parenchymal Microvessels after Traumatic Brain Injury Is Independent of Coagulation Factor XI"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Schwarzmaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"University of Munich Medical Center","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"University of Munich Medical Center","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciaran","family":"de Chaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Balbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"University of Munich Medical Center","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Terpolilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Munich Medical Center","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kleinschnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital of W\u00fcrzburg","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andras","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Plesnila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"University of Munich Medical Center","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612013397311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0685"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"S333","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrovascular reactivity after severe head injury","volume":"9","author":"Bouma G.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bouma G.J., and Muizelaar J.P. 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