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The sample comprised 666 participants with TBI, the majority of whom sustained a moderate or severe injury caused by a motor vehicle accident. Early RTW was more likely for individuals who were pre-morbidly employed in a managerial or professional occupation (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.1, confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.29\u20133.37), and those who experienced shorter post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) (OR\u2009=\u20090.96, CI\u2009=\u20090.94\u20130.98). RTW was less likely in the late phase for individuals who were older (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20090.99, CI\u2009=\u20090.98\u20131.00), experienced longer PTA (HR\u2009=\u20090.98, CI\u2009=\u20090.97\u20130.99), had an abdominal injury (HR\u2009=\u20090.90, CI\u2009=\u20090.67\u20131.21) and used more specialist practitioner (HR\u2009=\u20090.99, standard error [SE]\u2009=\u20090.98\u20131.00) and analgesic services (HR\u2009=\u20090.91, CI\u2009=\u20090.82\u20131.00). Conversely, RTW in the late phase was more likely for individuals using a greater number of specialist RTW supports (HR\u2009=\u20091.03, CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.05). Patterns of early service utilization may therefore contribute to prediction of RTW outcome. It is encouraging that RTW was more likely for individuals using vocational supports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T09:04:43Z","timestamp":1553850283000},"page":"2533-2540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Characterizing Early and Late Return to Work after Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gershon","family":"Spitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrooz Hassani","family":"Mahmooei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie L","family":"Ponsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelstein E. 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