{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:57:57Z","timestamp":1785427077590,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A prospective observational study collected temperature data from 51 patients in 11 neurosurgical centers and follow-up outcome information at 6 months in 49 patients. Brain temperature (T\n                    <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was measured directly by an intraventricular temperature sensor. Axillary temperature (T\n                    <jats:sub>ax<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and rectal temperature (T\n                    <jats:sub>re<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were measured by electric thermometers. T\n                    <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub>\n                    was 0.4 to 1.5\u00b0C higher than body temperature. T\n                    <jats:sub>re<\/jats:sub>\n                    correlated well with the T\n                    <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub>\n                    (coefficient: 0.7378;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among all patients, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on admission were significantly lower in the patients with post-operatively extreme peak temperature (T\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    , &lt; 37\u00b0C or &gt;39\u00b0C in first 24\u2009h) and major temperature variation (T\n                    <jats:sub>vari<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt; 1\u00b0C in first 12\u2009h;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01, respectively). Among the patients with no temperature intervention, the extreme T\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    group showed a lower Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) score at 6 months (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with lower GCS scores on admission (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), compared with the moderate T\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    group. Remarkably, the major T\n                    <jats:sub>vari<\/jats:sub>\n                    group showed significantly lower GOS-E scores (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with the same GCS scores as the minor T\n                    <jats:sub>vari<\/jats:sub>\n                    group. Thus, T\n                    <jats:sub>re<\/jats:sub>\n                    is the better candidate to estimate T\n                    <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Spontaneously extreme T\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    in TBI represents both more serious injury on admission and worse prognosis, and T\n                    <jats:sub>vari<\/jats:sub>\n                    might be used as a novel prognostic parameter in TBI. Brain temperature is therefore one of the critical indicators evaluating injury severity, prognostication, and monitoring in the management of TBI. This prospective observational study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (\n                    <jats:uri xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:uri>\n                    ), and the registration number is NCT03068143.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T06:55:43Z","timestamp":1536908143000},"page":"1168-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of Brain Temperature on the Outcome of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Wei-ji","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China."},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, No. 105 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Anhui, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-min","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-song","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yulin First People's Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Changde First People's Hospital, Hunan, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hechi People's Hospital, Guangxi, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital, Guangdong, People's Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-feng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital, Guangdong, People's Republic of 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