{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:24:39Z","timestamp":1780449879214,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Previous studies have shown that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause abnormalities in clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. No large-scale study, however, has prospectively assessed this in athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC). The aim of the current study was to characterize and compare the prevalence of acute, trauma-related MRI findings and clinically significant, non-specific MRI findings in athletes with and without SRC. College and high-school athletes were prospectively enrolled and participated in scanning sessions between January 2015 through August 2017. Concussed contact sport athletes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009138; 14 female [F]; 19.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 years) completed up to four scanning sessions after SRC. Non-concussed contact (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009135; 15\u2009F; 19.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6) and non-contact athletes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200996; 15\u2009F; 20.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7) completed similar scanning sessions and served as controls. Board-certified neuroradiologists, blinded to SRC status, reviewed T\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -weighted and T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    *-weighted and T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -weighted images for acute (i.e., injury-related) or non-acute findings that prompted recommendation for clinical follow-up. Concussed athletes were more likely to have MRI findings relative to contact (30.4% vs. 15.6%; odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.32;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01) and non-contact control athletes (19.8%; OR\u2009=\u20092.11;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04). Female athletes were more likely to have MRI findings than males (43.2% vs. 19.4%; OR\u2009=\u20092.62;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). One athlete with SRC had an acute, injury-related finding; group differences were largely driven by increased rate of non-specific white matter hyperintensities in concussed athletes. This prospective, large-scale study demonstrates that &lt;1% of SRCs are associated with acute injury findings on qualitative structural MRI, providing empirical support for clinical guidelines that do not recommend use of MRI after SRC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T08:52:25Z","timestamp":1546937545000},"page":"1776-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Prevalence of Potentially Clinically Significant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Athletes with and without Sport-Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Tetzlaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Pediatric Division, and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Bonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network\/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Neurology and Psychiatry Departments, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Harezlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent P.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Ulmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant P.","family":"Sinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Nencka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"DiFiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Orthopedics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Giza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, and University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Guskiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Mihalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan M.","family":"Duma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and 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