{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:41:06Z","timestamp":1780958466463,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of the work is to investigate the effects of low-dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition and metabolic variables after spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-two individuals with chronic motor complete SCI (ages 18\u201350 years) were randomly assigned to either TRT+RT (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911) or TRT (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911) for 16 weeks following a 4 -week delayed entry period. TRT+RT men underwent twice weekly progressive RT using electrical stimulation with ankle weights. TRT was administered via testosterone patches (2\u20136\u2009mg\/day). Body composition was tested using anthropometrics, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. After an overnight fast, basal metabolic rate (BMR), lipid panel, serum testosterone, adiponectin, inflammatory and anabolic biomarkers (insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 [IGFBP-3]), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and insulin sensitivity (Si) were measured. Total body lean mass (LM; 2.7\u2009kg,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), whole muscle (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and whole muscle knee extensor cross-sectional areas (CSAs;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) increased in the TRT+RT group, with no changes in the TRT group. Visceral adiposity decreased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.049) in the TRT group, with a trend in the TRT+RT (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.07) group. There was a trend (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.050) of a 14\u201317% increase in BMR following TRT+RT. Sg showed a trend (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.07) to improvement by 28.5\u201331.5% following both interventions. IGFBP-3 increased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0001) while IL-6 decreased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039) following both interventions, and TRT+RT suppressed adiponectin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.024). TRT+RT resulted in an increase in LM and whole thigh and knee extensor muscle CSAs, with an increase in BMR and suppressed adiponectin. Low-dose TRT may mediate modest effects on visceral adipose tissue, Sg, IGFBP-3, and IL-6, independent of changes in LM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T09:40:51Z","timestamp":1550828451000},"page":"2631-2645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Low-Dose Testosterone and Evoked Resistance Exercise after Spinal Cord Injury on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ashraf S.","family":"Gorgey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Refka E.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjodh","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia."},{"name":"Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Gater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Lavis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York."},{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia."},{"name":"Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 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