{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T18:44:14Z","timestamp":1784141054946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric concussion is a major public health concern. Despite the prevalence of behavior problems following concussion and their potential role in prolonged symptoms, little is known about how child and adolescent behavior may impact post-concussion recovery. We sought to examine change in behavioral and emotional functioning in a sample of children ages 5 to &lt;18 years with concussion. This study reports on data collected as part of a larger single-site prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants were recruited from the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary children's hospital and completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 2 weeks (acute; T2) and 3 months (post-acute; T4) post-injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Children with concussion (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009231) showed a significant reduction in internalizing (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.27), externalizing (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.23), and total behavior problems (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.36) at 3 months compared with 2 weeks post-injury. Multiple regression models found a significant interaction between age and sex with higher rates of internalizing (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.048, \u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02) and total (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.040, \u03b7\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02) behavior problems as age increased in females. The results show that pediatric concussion is associated with temporary behavioral disturbances that are likely to improve considerably in the months following injury. Nonetheless, as age increases, females may be at increased risk for experiencing ongoing internalizing problems several months after concussion and may require targeted clinical intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T02:23:07Z","timestamp":1557454987000},"page":"163-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties after Pediatric Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Gornall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathriona","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz E.","family":"Babl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.C.","family":"Hearps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Demaneuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rausa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Psychology Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023732"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2003.005017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"The role of the psychologist and psychiatrist in pediatric concussion management: what can they do for me?, in: Sports Concussions: A Complete Guide to Recovery and Management","author":"Takagi M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takagi M., , Thompson E., , and Anderson V. 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