{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:37:51Z","timestamp":1777927071902,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomarkers are needed to identify traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients at risk for accelerated brain volume loss and its associated functional impairment. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been shown to affect cerebral volume and perfusion, possibly by induction of inflammation and vasospasm. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of SAH due to trauma on cerebral perfusion and brain volume. For this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed &lt;48\u2009h and at 90 days after TBI. The &lt;48-h scan was used to assess SAH presence and perfusion. Brain volume changes were assessed quantitatively over time. Differences in brain volume change and perfusion were compared between SAH and non-SAH patients. A linear regression analysis with clinical and imaging variables was used to identify predictors of brain volume change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    All patients had a relatively good status on admission, and 83% presented with the maximum Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Brain volume decrease was greater in the 11 SAH patients (\u22123.2%, interquartile range [IQR] \u22124.8 to \u22121.3%) compared with the 46 non-SAH patients (\u22120.4%, IQR \u22121.8 to 0.9%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Brain perfusion was not affected by SAH, but it was correlated with brain volume change (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.39;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Forty-three percent of brain volume change was explained by SAH (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u22120.40,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), loss of consciousness (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u22120.24,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.035), and peak perfusion curve signal intensity height (0.27,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012). SAH and lower perfusion in the acute phase may identity TBI patients at increased risk for accelerated brain volume loss, in addition to loss of consciousness occurrence. Future studies should determine whether the findings apply to TBI patients with worse clinical status on admission. SAH predicts brain volume decrease independent of brain perfusion. This indicates the adverse effects of SAH extend beyond vasoconstriction, and that hypoperfusion also occurs separately from SAH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T07:40:29Z","timestamp":1571816429000},"page":"600-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Perfusion Are Associated with Brain Volume Decrease in a Cohort of Predominantly Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"van der Kleij","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Acute Cerebrovascular Diagnostics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill B.","family":"De Vis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cerebrovascular Diagnostics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Restivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Christine","family":"Turtzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cerebrovascular Diagnostics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."},{"name":"Acute Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Hendrikse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence L.","family":"Latour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cerebrovascular Diagnostics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."},{"name":"Acute Studies Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050600744327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2984"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001670"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1358"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Inflammation in the brain after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"56","author":"Prunell G.F.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prunell G.F., , Svendgaard N.-A., , Alkass K., , and Mathiesen T. (2005). Inflammation in the brain after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 56, 1082\u20131092.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1440-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-010-0052-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9318-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199104000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4030-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","first-page":"441","article-title":"MR Imaging, single-photon emission CT, and neurocognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Hofman P.A.M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hofman P.A.M., , Stapert S.Z., , van Kroonenburgh M.J.P, .G., Jolles J., , de Kruijk J., , and Wilmink J.T. (2001). MR Imaging, single-photon emission CT, and neurocognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 441\u2013449.","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.315105014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000155727.82242.e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2461062100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","volume-title":"Presented at ISMRM 25th Annual Meeting & Exhibition","author":"van der Kleij L.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Kleij L.A., , Lucci C., , Petersen E.T., , Vergouwen M.D.I., , Rinkel G.J.E., , Hendrikse J., , and De Vis J.B. (2017). Decreased borderzone perfusion is related to brain parenchymal volume loss after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Presented at ISMRM 25th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Honolulu, HI."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","unstructured":"The Management of Concussion\/mTBI Working Group. (2009). VA\/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of concussion\/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. https:\/\/www.healthquality.va.gov\/guidelines\/Rehab\/mtbi\/concussion_mtbi_full_1_0.pdf (Last accessed November20 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.4.285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10522"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185552"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17724027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339682"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2017). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.16142535"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp264"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Brain atrophy in mild or moderate traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal quantitative analysis","volume":"23","author":"MacKenzie J.D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacKenzie J.D., , Siddiqi F., , Babb J.S., , Bagley L.J., , Mannon L.J., , Sinson G.P., , and Grossman R.I. (2002). Brain atrophy in mild or moderate traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal quantitative analysis. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23, 1509\u20131515.","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"MR-based brain and cerebrospinal fluid measurement after traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological outcome","volume":"18","author":"Blatter D.D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blatter D.D., , Bigler E.D., , Gale S.D., , Johnson S.C., , Anderson C.V., , Burnett B.M., , Ryser D., , Macnamara S.E., , and Bailey B.J. (1997). MR-based brain and cerebrospinal fluid measurement after traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological outcome. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 18, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2486"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1920"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.7.989"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026990500445682"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-0970-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.9.1930"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx214"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200103000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21943"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3161"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.4.0658"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.131"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2002.tb00141.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm in traumatic brain injury","author":"Kramer D.R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kramer D.R., , Winer J.L., , Pease B., , Amar A.P., , and Mack W.J. (2013). Cerebral vasospasm in traumatic brain injury. Neurol. Res. Int. 2013.","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6514","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6514","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:34:19Z","timestamp":1777674859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2019.6514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}