{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:02:04Z","timestamp":1784088124373,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pre-clinical studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) show that glyburide reduces edema and hemorrhagic progression of contusions. We conducted a small Phase II, three-institution, randomized placebo-controlled trial of subjects with TBI to assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) glyburide. Twenty-eight subjects were randomized and underwent a 72-h infusion of IV glyburide or placebo, beginning within 10\u2009h of trauma. Of the 28 subjects, 25 had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 6\u201310, and 14 had contusions. There were no differences in adverse events (AEs) or severe adverse events (ASEs) between groups. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) percent change at 72\u2013168\u2009h from screening\/baseline was compared between the glyburide and placebo groups. Analysis of contusions (7 per group) showed that lesion volumes (hemorrhage plus edema) increased 1036% with placebo versus 136% with glyburide (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.15), and that hemorrhage volumes increased 11.6% with placebo but decreased 29.6% with glyburide (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.62). Three diffusion MRI measures of edema were quantified: mean diffusivity (MD), free water (FW), and tissue MD (MDt), corresponding to overall, extracellular, and intracellular water, respectively. The percent change with time for each measure was compared in lesions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914) versus uninjured white matter (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924) in subjects receiving placebo (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920) or glyburide (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200918). For placebo, the percent change in lesions for all three measures was significantly different compared with uninjured white matter (analysis of variance [ANOVA],\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.02), consistent with worsening of edema in untreated contusions. In contrast, for glyburide, the percent change in lesions for all three measures was not significantly different compared with uninjured white matter. Further study of IV glyburide in contusion TBI is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T05:46:06Z","timestamp":1564206366000},"page":"185-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study of Intravenous Glyburide in Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Howard M.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha E.","family":"Shenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."},{"name":"Department of Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Pasternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Marc","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Okonkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Aldrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik G.","family":"Hayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"549","article-title":"CDC grand rounds: reducing severe traumatic brain injury in the United States","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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