{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:18Z","timestamp":1787008218998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs) and saccadic eye movements are both commonly impaired following sport-related concussion (SRC). Typical oculomotor assessments measure individual eye movements in a series of restrictive tests designed to isolate features such as response times. These measures lack ecological validity for athletes because athletes are adept at simple tasks designed for the general population. Yet, because eye movement metrics are sensitive and well-characterized neuroanatomically, it would be valuable to test whether athletes exhibit abnormal eye movements with more challenging tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To address this gap in knowledge, we collected eye-tracking data during a sport-like task to gain insight on gaze behavior during active self-motion. SPEMs and saccadic eye movements were recorded during a sport-like visual task within 24\u201348\u2009h following SRC. Thirty-six Division I student-athletes were divided into SRC and control (CON) groups. All participants completed two blocks of the Wii Fit\n                    <jats:sup>\u00a9<\/jats:sup>\n                    soccer heading game (WF) while wearing a monocular infrared eye tracker. Eye movement classification systems quantified saccadic amplitude (SA), velocity (SV), and count (SC); as well as SPEM velocity (SPV) and amplitude (SPA). Separate Mann-Whitney U tests evaluated SPA and SC and found no significant effects (SPA,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11; SC,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10). A multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for remaining variables revealed SPV was significantly greater in CON (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but the SRC group had greater SA and SV (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings suggest that during a sport-like task, to maintain foveation SRC subjects used larger amplitude, faster saccades, but exhibited slower SPEMs. Measuring oculomotor function during ecologically valid, sport-like tasks may serve as a concussion biomarker and provide insights into eye movement control after SRC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T05:26:01Z","timestamp":1568611561000},"page":"340-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Smooth Pursuit and Saccades after Sport-Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nicholas G.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."},{"name":"Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Szekely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."},{"name":"Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Islas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Munkasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."},{"name":"Complex Concussion Clinic, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Berryhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs in Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Neuroscience, Psychology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Reed-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2003). 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