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The cerebellum, important for motor and cognitive functioning, represents an area of the brain equally affected by TBI that is seldom evaluated despite its potential involvement in persistent deficits after injury. In the context of TBI and inflammation, most studies focus on severe TBI in adult males, with fewer studies on pediatric mild TBI in both sexes. Our study addresses this gap by profiling neurological function and cerebellar inflammation over time in the juvenile male and female rat brain following a mild, closed-head weight-drop injury (mTBI). At 24\u2009h, 72\u2009h, 7 days, and 21 days post-mTBI, animals were subjected to behavioral testing to evaluate TBI effects over time. Alongside behavioral deficits up to 7 days post-injury, inflammatory profiling by multi-plex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed increased inflammatory markers, including CXCL1, interleukin (IL)-5, and vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGF\u03b1), in plasma at 24\u201372\u2009h and in the cerebellum at 72\u2009h post-injury. Network analysis of cytokines also showed increased inter-relationships between multiple mediators at all time-points, emphasizing the persistent and dynamic changes to inflammatory patterns after mTBI. Transcript levels of microglia\/macrophage activation markers, including Iba1 and CX3CR1, were significantly elevated at 7 days post-TBI in both sexes, and at 21 days in females, suggesting activation of immune cells in the cerebellum. When examining the protein expression of GFAP and CX3CR1, a significant increase in CX3CR1 was noted in males at 21 days but not in females. Characterizing the evolution of cerebellar inflammation in pediatric mTBI provides insight into potential mechanisms of persistent changes that could contribute to neurological dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T05:16:00Z","timestamp":1575609360000},"page":"1315-1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Acute and Persistent Alterations of Cerebellar Inflammatory Networks and Glial Activation in a Rat Model of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Erik A.","family":"Fraunberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"DeJesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa R.","family":"Zanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Shutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814544363"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury update: forensic neuropsychiatric implications","volume":"43","author":"Wortzel H.S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wortzel H.S., , and Granacher R.P. 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