{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:44:24Z","timestamp":1790214264082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies of brain morphometry may illuminate the effects of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (TBI; e.g., concussion). However, no published studies have examined cortical thickness in the early injury phases of pediatric mild TBI using an appropriate comparison group. The current study used an automated approach (i.e., FreeSurfer) to determine whether cortical thickness differed in children following a mild TBI or a mild orthopedic injury (OI), and to examine whether post-acute cortical thickness predicted post-acute and chronic post-concussive symptoms (PCS). Children ages 8.00-16.99 years with mild TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009136) or OI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200970) were recruited at emergency department visits to two children's hospitals, during which parents rated children's pre-injury symptoms retrospectively. Children completed a post-acute (3\u201324 days post-injury) assessment, which included a 3 Tesla MRI, and 3- and 6-month post-injury assessments. Parents and children rated PCS at each assessment. Cortical thickness was estimated using FreeSurfer. Linear mixed effects and multi-variable negative binomial regression models were used to test study aims, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons. Groups differed significantly on left parietal cortical thickness (TBI &gt; OI) after FDR correction. Cortical thickness also varied by brain subregion and age, but not sex. Groups differed significantly on PCS post-acutely (TBI &gt; OI), but not at 3 or 6 months. Right frontal thickness was positively related to post-acute PCS in both groups. Right cingulum thickness predicted chronic PCS in the OI group only. Results highlight the complexity of predicting outcomes of pediatric mild TBI from post-acute neuroimaging biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T03:49:26Z","timestamp":1584416966000},"page":"1892-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Post-Acute Cortical Thickness in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury versus Orthopedic Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Goodrich-Hunsaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayushi","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy J.","family":"Abildskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Bigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie K.","family":"Mihalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Bacevice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Bangert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Gerry","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Owen","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \u226419 years\u2014United States, 2001\u20132009","volume":"60","author":"Gilchrist J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gilchrist J., , Thomas K., , Xu L., , McGuire L.C., , and Coronado V.G. (2011). Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \u226419 years\u2014United States, 2001\u20132009. MMWR, 60, 1337\u20131342.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1798-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3534"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.474"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5513"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1011234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9673-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"FL","article-title":"Neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury: correlation to neurocognitive and neurobehavioral findings., in: Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects., Kobeissy, F.H","author":"Bigler E.D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bigler E.D. (2015). Neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury: correlation to neurocognitive and neurobehavioral findings., in: Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects., Kobeissy, F.H. (ed). CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL.","journal-title":"(ed). CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton,"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199804000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708090188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.793398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181d8fa8c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31805002da"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198501000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-089X(85)90008-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","first-page":"TX","article-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence\u20132nd Edition (WASI-II), manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (2011). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence\u20132nd Edition (WASI-II), manual. Pearson: San Antonio, TX.","journal-title":"Pearson: San Antonio,"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2010.495058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24142"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","first-page":"e241","article-title":"Radiologic common data elements rates in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"94","author":"Mayer A.R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mayer A.R., , Cohen D.M., , Wertz C.J., , Dodd A.B., , Shoemaker J., , Pluto C., , Zumberge N.A., , Park G., , Bangert B.A., , Lin C., , Minich N.M., , Bacevice A.M., , Bigler E.D., , Campbell R.A., , Hanlon F.M., , Meier T.B., , Oglesbee S.J., , Phillips J.P., , Pottenger A., , Shaff N.A., , Taylor H.G., , Yeo R.A., , Arbogast K.B., , Leddy J.J., , Master C.L., , Mannix R., , Zemek R.L., , and Yeates K.O. (2019). Radiologic common data elements rates in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology, 94, e241\u2013e253.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advanced normalization tools (ANTS)","author":"Avants B.B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avants B.B., , Tustison N., , and Song G. (2008). Advanced normalization tools (ANTS). OR Insight. 1\u201335.","journal-title":"OR Insight"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models","author":"Kuznetsova A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuznetsova A., , Brockhoff P.B., , and Christensen R.H.B. (2017). lmerTest Package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. J. Stat. Software. 82.","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D., , M\u00e4chler M., , Bolker B., , and Walker S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Software. 67.","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"MR-based brain and cerebrospinal fluid measurement after traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological outcome","volume":"18","author":"Blatter D.D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blatter D.D., , Bigler E.D., , Gale S.D., , Johnson S.C., , Anderson C.V., , Burnett B.M., , Ryser D., , Macnamara S.E., , and Bailey B.J. (1997). MR-based brain and cerebrospinal fluid measurement after traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological outcome. A.J.N.R. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 18, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"A.J.N.R. Am. J. Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1494853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.474"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Quality control of structural MRI images applied using FreeSurfer\u2014a hands-on workflow to rate motion artifacts","author":"Backhausen L.L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Backhausen L.L., , Herting M.M., , Buse J., , Roessner V., , Smolka M.N., , and Vetter N.C. (2016). Quality control of structural MRI images applied using FreeSurfer\u2014a hands-on workflow to rate motion artifacts. Front. Neurosci. 10.","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1494855"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2006.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.891486"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3677-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.03.006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:35:34Z","timestamp":1777674934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2019.6850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}}}