{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1781120762222,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to examine neuropsychological functioning and white matter integrity, in service members and veterans (SMVs) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), with versus without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 116 U.S. military SMVs, prospectively enrolled from the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (Bethesda, MD), who had sustained an MTBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200986) or an injury without TBI (i.e., Injured Control [IC];\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930). Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures (neurobehavioral and -cognitive), as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain, on average 6 years post-injury. Based on diagnostic criteria for PTSD, participants in the MTBI group were classified into two subgroups: MTBI\/PTSD-Present (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921) and MTBI\/PTSD-Absent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200965). Participants in the IC group were included only if they were classified as PTSD-Absent. The MTBI\/PTSD-Present group had a significantly higher number of self-reported symptoms on all neurobehavioral measures (e.g., depression), and lower scores on more than half of the neurocognitive domains (e.g., processing speed), compared to the MTBI\/PTSD-Absent and IC\/PTSD-Absent groups. There were no significant group differences for the vast majority of DTI measures, with the exception of a handful of regions (i.e., superior longitudinal fascicle and superior thalamic radiation). These results suggest that there is 1) a strong relationship between PTSD and poor neuropsychological outcome after MTBI and 2) a lack of a relationship between PTSD and white matter integrity, as measured by DTI, after MTBI. Concurrent PTSD and MTBI should be considered a risk factor for poor neuropsychological outcome that requires early intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T16:49:42Z","timestamp":1609778982000},"page":"63-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with Neuropsychological Outcome but Not White Matter Integrity after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rael T.","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Lippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Brickell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Hong","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Braatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Gartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Barnhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405900903"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072972"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acs059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122746"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9190-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23920"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3173"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3585"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2011.07.0131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3283"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181b97a75"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026990599121836"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026990500120826"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200102000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22480"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717001059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20090728-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318256d3d3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000378"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23365"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9744-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000300227.67748.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199510030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acq018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","volume-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (2009). Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition. Pearson: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition. Pearson: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment Battery: Psychometric and Technical Manual","author":"White T.","year":"2003","unstructured":"White T., , and Stern R.A. (2003). Neuropsychological Assessment Battery: Psychometric and Technical Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources: Lutz, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","volume-title":"Conner's Continuous Performance Test","author":"Conners K.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conners K. (2002). Conner's Continuous Performance Test, 2nd ed. Multi-Health Systems: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","volume-title":"Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring","author":"Reitan R.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reitan R.M. (1992). Trail Making Test: Manual for Administration and Scoring. Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory: South Tucson, AZ."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","volume-title":"The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Delis D.C., , Kaplan E., , and Kramer J.H. (2001). The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","volume-title":"The California Verbal Learning Test","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delis D.C., , Kramer J.H., , Kaplan E., , and Ober B.A. (2000). The California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd ed. The Psychological Corporation: New York.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","volume-title":"Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV","author":"Holdnack J.A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holdnack J.A., , and Drozdick L.W. (2009). Advanced Clinical Solutions for WAIS-IV and WMS-IV. Pearson: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","volume-title":"Green's Medical Symptom Validity Test: User Manual","author":"Green P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green P. (2004). Green's Medical Symptom Validity Test: User Manual. Green's: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","volume-title":"Test of Memory Malingering","author":"Tombaugh T.N.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tombaugh T.N. (1996). Test of Memory Malingering. Multi-Health Systems: North Tonawanda, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199902)45:2<265::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1455804"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047981614546795"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","first-page":"697","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury, in: The Little Black Book of neuropsychology: A Syndrome-Based Approach","author":"Iverson G.L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iverson G.L., , and Lange R.T. (2011). Mild traumatic brain injury, in: The Little Black Book of neuropsychology: A Syndrome-Based Approach. M.R. Schoenberg and J.G. Scott (eds). Springer: New York, pps. 697\u2013720.","journal-title":"M.R. Schoenberg and J.G. Scott (eds). Springer: New York, pps"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","first-page":"745","article-title":"Post-concussive syndrome, in: The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology: A Syndrome-Based Approach","author":"Iverson G.L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iverson G.L., , and Lange R.T. (2011). Post-concussive syndrome, in: The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology: A Syndrome-Based Approach. M.R. Schoenberg and J.G. Scott (eds). Springer: New York, pps. 745\u2013764.","journal-title":"M.R. Schoenberg and J.G. Scott (eds). Springer: New York, pps"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003645657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580600966391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.8.1094.8379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040903155063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050802635281"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6852","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:35:34Z","timestamp":1777674934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2019.6852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2019.6852","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]}}}