{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:38:56Z","timestamp":1777927136121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study is to examine the effects of a 12-session moderate intensity-interval-training program with blood flow restriction (BFR) and body cooling (BC) on people who have had persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) for &lt;1 year. A single-blind randomized controlled trial of interval-training exercise with BFR and BC was conducted. Twenty-five adults with PPCS were assigned to the experimental group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914) or the control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911). Both groups rode a recumbent elliptical machine for 21\u2009min at moderate intensity (65% predicted maximum heart rate) twice a week for 6 weeks, but only the experimental group received BFR and BC while riding. The variances of overall PPCS scale scores and their sub-domain scores for individuals during the 6-week intervention and 6-week follow-up period were calculated. During the intervention, the fluctuation of overall symptom severity, severity in the cognitive domain and severity in the mood domain were significantly less in the experimental group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02). During the follow-up period, the number of symptoms remained more stable in the experimental group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02), and a trend toward less fluctuation of symptom severity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05) was also observed. The reduced number of symptoms in the cognitive and sleep domains remained more stable in the experimental group following the intervention (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02). The severity of mood and sleep symptoms also remained more stable during the follow-up period in the experimental group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04). More stable recovery was found in individuals who exercised using BFR and BC than in those who underwent exercise without BFR and BC. Moderate intensity-interval-training exercise with BFR and BC alleviated post-concussive symptoms in people who have had PPCS &lt;1 year.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T02:24:41Z","timestamp":1603506281000},"page":"573-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Interval-Training Exercise on People Who Have Had Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms for Less Than One Year: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ning","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Robert C. Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Robert C. Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Robert C. Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Enis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Robert C. Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Robert C. 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