{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:25:31Z","timestamp":1788272731301,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of those who die of other causes (OC) in a retrospective cohort who received inpatient rehabilitation following TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database between 1989 and 2017 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915,835 cases with 2,238 deaths recorded). Seventy-eight cases (3.5%) of deaths were the result of UP, 76% were the result of OC, and 20.5% were from an unknown cause. Among the UP deaths, 90% involved drugs (of these, 67% involved narcotic drugs and 14% involved psychostimulants), and 8% involved alcohol. Age-adjusted risk for UP death was associated with: white\/non-Hispanic race\/ethnicity, living alone, non-institutionalization, pre- and post-injury illicit drug use and alcohol\/drug problem use, any alcohol use at last follow-up, better Functional Independence Measure\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    (FIM) scores, history of arrest, moderate disability (vs. severe disability or good recovery), less supervision needed, and greater anxiety. Adults who receive inpatient rehabilitation for TBI who die from UP are distinguishable from those who die of OC. Factors such as pre-injury substance use in the context of functional independence may be regarded as targets for prevention and\/or intervention to reduce substance use and substance-related mortality among survivors of moderate-severe TBI. The current findings may have implications for medical care, surveillance, prevention, and health promotion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T04:36:07Z","timestamp":1590122167000},"page":"2507-2516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mortality Secondary to Unintentional Poisoning after Inpatient Rehabilitation among Individuals with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Flora M.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ketchum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data and Statistical Center, Englewood, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Dams-O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cate","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, Administration for Community Living, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Haarbauer-Krupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Team, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Faul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Team, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance E.","family":"Trexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Harrison-Felix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data and Statistical Center, Englewood, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Scholl L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scholl L., , Seth P., , Kariisa M., , Wilson N., , and Baldwin G. 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