{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:23Z","timestamp":1777927163250,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors differ with respect to patterns of regional brain distribution and behavioral effects. Pre-clinical work suggests that D1 agonists enhance working memory, but the absence of selective D1 agonists has constrained using this approach in humans. This study examines working memory performance in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients when given pergolide, a mixed D1\/D2 agonist, compared with bromocriptine, a selective D2 agonist. Fifteen individuals were studied 1 month after mTBI and compared with 17 healthy controls. At separate visits, participants were administered 1.25\u2009mg bromocriptine or 0.05\u2009mg pergolide prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a working memory task (visual-verbal n-back). Results indicated a significant group-by-drug interaction for mean performance across n-back task conditions, where the mTBI group showed better performance on pergolide relative to bromocriptine, whereas controls showed the opposite pattern. There was also a significant effect of diagnosis, where mTBI patients performed worse than controls, particularly while on bromocriptine, as shown in our prior work. Functional MRI activation during the most challenging task condition (3-back &gt;\u20090-back contrast) showed a significant group-by-drug interaction, with the mTBI group showing increased activation relative to controls in working memory circuitry while on pergolide, including in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Across participants there was a positive correlation between change in activation in this region and change in performance between drug conditions. Results suggest that activation of the D1 receptor may improve working memory performance after mTBI. This has implications for the development of pharmacological strategies to treat cognitive deficits after mTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T01:06:56Z","timestamp":1594170416000},"page":"225-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential Effects of Pergolide and Bromocriptine on Working Memory Performance and Brain Activation after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Flashman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Medical School and Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine D.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2002-17407"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.558707"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1846"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010512"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1094"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"2616","article-title":"The potential roles of dopamine in traumatic brain injury: a preclinical and clinical update","volume":"11","author":"Lan Y.L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lan Y.L., , Li S., , Lou J.C., , Ma X.C., , and Zhang B. (2019). The potential roles of dopamine in traumatic brain injury: a preclinical and clinical update. Am. J. Transl. Res. 11, 2616\u20132631.","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-4-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050310001617370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury","volume":"53","author":"Talsky A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Talsky A., , Pacione L.R., , Shaw T., , Wasserman L., , Lenny A.M., , Verma A., , Hurwitz G., , Waxman R., , Morgan A., , and Bhalero S. (2011). Pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury. BCMJ, 53, 26\u201331.","journal-title":"BCMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1825731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.23.3.jnp277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181619609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02720.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00317-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881103017001688"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0019-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2027-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(01)00058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Clinican Edition","author":"First M.B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"First M.B., , Spitzer R.L., , Gibbon M., , and Williams J.B.W. (1997). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Clinican Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.: Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","volume-title":"The Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3): Administration Manual","author":"Wilkinson G.S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkinson G.S. (1993). The Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT3): Administration Manual. Wide Range, Inc.: Wilmington, DE."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","volume-title":"WAIS-III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2013Third Edition WMS-III Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013Third Edition Updated Technical Manual","author":"The Psychological Corporation (1997)","unstructured":"The Psychological Corporation (1997). WAIS-III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2013Third Edition WMS-III Wechsler Memory Scale\u2013Third Edition Updated Technical Manual. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version Research Edition Manual","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Delis D.C., , Kramer J.H., , Kaplan E., , and Ober B.A. (1987). California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version Research Edition Manual. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","volume-title":"California Verbal Learning Test\u2013Second Edition: Adult Version Manual","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delis D.C., , Kramer J.H., , Kaplan E., , and Ober B.A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test\u2013Second Edition: Adult Version Manual. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","volume-title":"The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation, 2nd","author":"Reitan R.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reitan R.M., , and Wolfson D. (1993). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation, 2nd ed. Neuropsychology Press: Tucson."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","volume-title":"Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System","author":"Delis D.C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Delis D.C., , Kaplan E., , and Kramer J.H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment, 5th","author":"Lezak M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lezak M., , Howieson D., , Bigler E., , and Tranel D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, 5th ed. Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, 3rd","author":"Strauss E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strauss E., , Sherman E., , and Spreen O. (2006). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1977.44.2.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","volume-title":"Gordon Diagnostic System: Instruction Manual and Interpretive Guide","author":"Gordon M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gordon M., , McClure F.D., , and Aylward G.P. (1996). Gordon Diagnostic System: Instruction Manual and Interpretive Guide. Gordon Systems, Inc.: DeWitt, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(18)31587-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60859-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00242"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Transmitter receptor distribution in the human brain, in: Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference","author":"Palomero-Gallagher N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palomero-Gallagher N., , Amunts K., , and Zilles K. (2015). Transmitter receptor distribution in the human brain, in: Brain Mapping: An Encyclopedic Reference. A. Toga (ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press, pps. 261\u2013275.","journal-title":"A. Toga (ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press, pps"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09995"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03708.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4452-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","first-page":"950","article-title":"Neural substrate of working memory improvement following methylphenidate and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI)","volume":"31","author":"McDonald B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"McDonald B., , Ford J., , Flashman L., , Arciniegas D.B., , Ferguson R., , Xing L., , Harezlak J., , Sprehn G., , Hammond F., , Maerlender A., , Kruck C., , GIllock K., , Frey K., , Wall R., , Saykin A., , and McAllister T. (2017). Neural substrate of working memory improvement following methylphenidate and cognitive-behavioral therapy for cognitive symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain Inj. 31, 950.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.9.1749"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1450"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050802263019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","first-page":"238","article-title":"Effect of COMT Val\/Met genotype on frontal lobe functioning in traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Flashman L.A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flashman L.A., , Saykin A.J., , Rhodes C.H., , and McAllister T.W. (2004). Effect of COMT Val\/Met genotype on frontal lobe functioning in traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 16, 238\u2013239.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181996e6b"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7087","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7087","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:36:37Z","timestamp":1777674997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2020.7087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7087","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]}}}