{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:21:48Z","timestamp":1790061708645,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There is concern that previous concussion and contact-sport exposure may have negative effects on brain structure and function. Accurately quantifying previous concussion is complicated by the fact that multiple definitions exist, with recent definitions allowing for diagnosis based on the presence of symptoms alone (Concussion in Sport Group criteria; CISG) rather than the presence of acute injury characteristics such as alterations in mental status (American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine criteria; ACRM). The goals of the current work were to determine the effects of previous concussion and contact-sport exposure on gray matter structure and clinical measures in healthy, young-adult athletes and determine the extent to which these associations are influenced by diagnostic criteria used to retrospectively quantify concussions. One-hundred eight collegiate-aged athletes were enrolled; 106 athletes were included in final analyses (age, 21.37\u2009\u00b1\u20091.69; 33 female). Participants completed a clinical battery of self-report and neurocognitive measures and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify subcortical volumes and cortical thickness. Semistructured interviews were conducted to measure exposure to contact sports and the number of previous concussions based on CISG and ACRM criteria. There was a significant association of concussion-related and psychological symptoms with previous concussions based on ACRM (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but not CISG, criteria. Hippocampal volume was inversely associated with the number of previous concussions for both criteria (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Findings provide evidence that previous concussions are associated with smaller hippocampal volumes and greater subjective clinical symptoms in otherwise healthy athletes and highlight the importance of diagnostic criteria used to quantify previous concussion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T01:57:03Z","timestamp":1609811823000},"page":"1358-1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association of Previous Concussion with Hippocampal Volume and Symptoms in Collegiate-Aged Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lezlie Y.","family":"Espa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network\/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Neurology and Psychiatry Departments, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3833"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516648141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119849076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738108325920"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1294709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0000000000000813"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1993.10.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122542"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097791"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","article-title":"Four factor index of social status","author":"Hollingshead A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hollingshead A. (1975). Four factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript. Yale University: New Haven, CT. Yale J. Sociol.","journal-title":"Unpublished manuscript. Yale University: New Haven, CT. Yale J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199309000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acs044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9895-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2010.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05830.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01144.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz280"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1012-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","article-title":"The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT2) for evaluating civilian mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"R\u0103doi A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"R\u0103doi A., , Poca M.A., , G\u00e1ndara D., , Castro L., , Cevallos M., , Pacios M.E., , and Sahuquillo J. (2019). The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT2) for evaluating civilian mild traumatic brain injury. A pilot normative study. PLoS One, 14, e0212541.","journal-title":"A pilot normative study. PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1138504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.11.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991287"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117713974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0875-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01261-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050.52.2.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3666"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8334"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7143","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:36:45Z","timestamp":1777675005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2020.7143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]}}}