{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:19:49Z","timestamp":1784567989814,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Spinal cord injury (SCI) invariably results in neuronal death and failure of axonal regeneration. This is attributed mainly to the hostile microenvironment and the poor intrinsic regrowth capacity of the injured spinal neurons. We have reported previously that electro-acupuncture on Governor Vessel acupoints (GV-EA) can promote neuronal survival and axonal regeneration of injured spinal cord. However, the underlying mechanism for this has remained uncertain. The present study aimed to explore the neural afferent pathway of GV-EA stimulation and the possible mechanism by which GV-EA can activate the intrinsic growth ability of injured spinal neurons. By cholera toxin B (CTB) retrograde labeling, immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we showed here that GV-EA could stimulate the spinal nerve branches of the dorsal root ganglion cells. This would then increase the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the afferent terminals in the spinal cord. It is of note that the effect was abrogated after dorsal rhizotomy. Additionally, both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    results showed that CGRP would act on the post-synaptic spinal cord neurons and triggered the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) by activating the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)\/ receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)1\/calcium\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (\u03b1CaMKII) pathway. Remarkably, the observed effect was prevented by the dorsal rhizotomy and the blockers of the CGRP\/RAMP1\/\u03b1CaMKII pathway. More importantly, increase in NT-3 promoted the survival, axonal regrowth, and synaptic maintenance of spinal cord neurons in the injured spinal cord. Therefore, it is concluded that increase in NT-3 production is one of the mechanisms by which GV-EA can activate the intrinsic growth ability of spinal neurons after SCI. The experimental results have reinforced the theoretical basis of GV-EA for its clinical efficacy in patients with SCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T01:58:31Z","timestamp":1604023111000},"page":"734-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Governor Vessel Electro-Acupuncture Promotes the Intrinsic Growth Ability of Spinal Neurons through Activating Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide\/\u03b1-Calcium\/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase\/Neurotrophin-3 Pathway after Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Ministry of Education, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Wen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Bao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Wen","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Ministry of Education, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Ministry of Education, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Shan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Ministry of Education, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Ministry of Education, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200109000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"2051","article-title":"Neuroprotection and its molecular mechanism following spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Liu N.K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu N.K., , and Xu X.M. 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