{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:21Z","timestamp":1787008221865,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The signs and symptoms of concussion may not always be clear. Therefore, the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) tool was created to help deployed medics and corpsmen identify concussions, particularly in deployed settings. Since 2008, the MACE has been updated multiple times, but each new version of the tool is more complex and takes longer to complete. The objective of this study was to assess the usability, utility, and perceived confidence among military healthcare providers for the latest version, MACE 2. Therefore, a semi-structured interview, including Likert-scale and open-ended questions, was conducted among military healthcare providers at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in order to assess the usability, utility and perceived confidence of the MACE 2. All of the providers had completed a training course on the MACE 2 and had used it for at least 3 months in their clinics. A total of 28 participants were recruited, including 22 medics, two physicians, three nurses, and one physician assistant. Average scores of usability, utility, and confidence were 5.7, 6.6, and 6.3, respectively, with 7.0 being the most positive score, and thus indicating positive assessments in all categories. The open-ended questions revealed high usability and confidence and the desire for additional training on the tool. In conclusion, despite the increased complexity and duration of the MACE 2 compared with the previous version of this tool, military providers and army medics found the new MACE 2 very useable and had a high degree of confidence in its performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T05:24:12Z","timestamp":1597728252000},"page":"210-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Military Acute Concussion Evaluation: A Report on Clinical Usability, Utility, and User's Perceived Confidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Bilal","family":"Khokhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Jorgensen-Wagers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Kiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC). (2019). DVBIC Worldwide Totals 2000\u20132019 Q3. https:\/\/dvbic.dcoe.mil\/sites\/default\/files\/tbi-numbers\/DVBIC_WorldwideTotal_2000-2019_Q3.pdf. Accessed April7 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"68","article-title":"The military acute concussion evaluation (MACE)","volume":"8","author":"French L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"French L., , McCrea M., , and Baggett M. (2009). The military acute concussion evaluation (MACE). J. Spec. Oper. Med. 8, 68\u201377.","journal-title":"J. Spec. Oper. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"O'Neil M.E. Carlson K. Storzbach D. Brenner L. Freeman M. Quinones A. Motu'apuaka M. Ensley M. Kansagara D. (2013). VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Complications of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans and Military Personnel: A Systematic Review. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US) https:\/\/www.hsrd.research.va.gov\/publications\/esp\/mild_tbi.pdf (Last accessed September5 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040903153902"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0484"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coldren R.L. Kelly M.P. Parish R.V. Dretsch M. and Russell M.L.(2010). Evaluation of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation for use in combat operations more than 12 hours after injury. Mil. Med. 175 477\u2013481.","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-09-00258"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304347"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199804000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2018). DoD Policy Guidance for Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury\/Concussion in the Deployed Setting (Report Number 6490.11). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.esd.whs.mil\/Portals\/54\/Documents\/DD\/issuances\/dodi\/649011p.pdf (Last accessed March26 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516632754"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518768750"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116678411"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","unstructured":"Defense Health Agency (DHA). (2019). Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center releases new concussion screening tool. www.health.mil\/News\/Articles\/2019\/03\/15\/Defense-and-Veterans-Brain-Injury-Center-releases-new-concussion-screening-tool (Last accessed March26 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","unstructured":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC). (2019). Military Acute Concussion Evaluation 2 (MACE 2). https:\/\/dvbic.dcoe.mil\/material\/military-acute-concussion-evaluation-2-mace-2 (Last accessed March26 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514543775"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","unstructured":"McCrea M. Jaffee M. Guskiewicz K.H. and Doncevic S . (2009). Validation of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) for In-Theater Evaluation of Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injury. https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/a515492.pdf (Last accessed September5 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines and Critical Pathways","author":"Holt P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Holt P., , Ward J., , and Wilson A. (1996). Clinical Practice Guidelines and Critical Pathways. A Status Report on National and New South Wales Development and Implementation Activity Sydney: NSW Health. Department.","journal-title":"A Status Report on National and New South Wales Development and Implementation Activity Sydney: NSW Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","article-title":"For the Concerted Action Network","author":"Pagliari H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pagliari H., , Kahan J. (2001). For the Concerted Action Network. 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