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Medical researchers are now searching for biomarkers to detect and monitor this condition. Perhaps the most promising developments are in the biomolecular and neuroimaging domains. Molecular assays can identify proteins indicative of neuronal injury and\/or degeneration. Diffusion imaging now allows sensitive evaluations of the brain's cellular microstructure. As the pace of discovery accelerates, it is important to survey the research landscape and identify promising avenues of investigation. In this review, we discuss the potential of molecular and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarkers in TBI research. Integration of these technologies could advance models of disease prognosis, ultimately improving care. To date, however, few studies have explored relationships between molecular and DTI variables in patients with TBI. Here, we provide a short primer on each technology, review the latest research, and discuss how these biomarkers may be incorporated in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T03:43:59Z","timestamp":1610682239000},"page":"1762-1782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury: Principles for Investigation and Integration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith L.","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Faul M. 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