{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:48Z","timestamp":1777927188629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common sequelae of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among adults. However, little is known about NPS associated with a history of TBI in adults relative to adults without a history of TBI and to what extent NPS may be modulated by sex and other factors. Using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set, we examined the association between Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) scores in cognitively normal older adults with and without a history of TBI. A binomial logistic regression model was used to examine NPI-Q domains in adults with a history of TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009266) versus without a history of TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091508). History of TBI, sex, age, and body mass index were used as covariates. Adults with a history of TBI had a greater probability of exhibiting agitation, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition and aberrant motor behavior relative to adults without a history of TBI. In terms of sex differences, males with and without a history of TBI had an increased likelihood of agitation, apathy, disinhibition, and apnea, whereas female\n                    <jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold>\n                    had an increased likelihood of anxiety and insomnia relative to males. Our study confirms that history of TBI is associated with an increased prevalence of specific NPS, including agitation, anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior. Given that the aforementioned NPS are linked through different pathways, damage to any of them may cause an alteration in behavior. As well, NPS appear to be modulated by sex, with symptoms differing between males and females. Our research suggests future studies examining NPS sequelae of TBI should adjust for sex.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T02:54:50Z","timestamp":1601088890000},"page":"566-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neuropsychiatric Presentations due to Traumatic Brain Injury in Cognitively Normal Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jahnavi","family":"Mundluru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Subhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsz Wai Bentley","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Churchill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Fornazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom A.","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne E.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Alzeheimer's Association. 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