{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:47:18Z","timestamp":1789462038666,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Most individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience a period of confusion after emergence from coma, termed post-traumatic amnesia, post-traumatic confusional state, or delirium. Recent guidelines suggest the importance of assessment and consistent management during this phase, but current practice worldwide remains unknown. This survey aimed to elucidate current international practice in assessment and treatment of patients in the acute stages of recovery after TBI. The web-based survey was distributed to clinicians working with patients with acute TBI. There were 400 participants (68.8% females), from 41 countries, mostly neuropsychologists, rehabilitation physicians, and occupational therapists (OTs), with an average 12.8 years of experience. Of those working with adults (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009376, 94%), most described this acute period as post-traumatic amnesia and used its duration to indicate injury severity. More than 85% used a tool to assess patients; in order of frequency, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Westmead PTA Scale (WPTAS), Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test, Rancho Los Amigos Scale, and O-Log. Meeting criteria on the assessment tool or clinical judgment determined emergence from this phase, indicated by recovery of orientation, day-to-day memories, and ability to follow commands or participate in rehabilitation. Most patients had physiotherapy, OT, speech therapy, and environmental changes, with a third of participants indicating sedating medication was prescribed during this phase. Findings suggest that, consistent with guidelines, PTA is a widely recognized and measured TBI recovery phase, used to determine injury severity and readiness for therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T01:58:01Z","timestamp":1604023081000},"page":"1060-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Assessment and Management of Patients in the Acute Stages of Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: A Worldwide Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jennie","family":"Ponsford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Concussion and contusion of the brain and their sequelae, in: Injuries of the Skull, Brain and Spinal Cord: Neuro-Psychiatric, Surgical, and Medico-Legal Aspects","author":"Symonds C.P.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Symonds C.P. (1940). Concussion and contusion of the brain and their sequelae, in: Injuries of the Skull, Brain and Spinal Cord: Neuro-Psychiatric, Surgical, and Medico-Legal Aspects. S. Brock (ed). Bailliere, Tindall and Cox: London, pps. 69\u2013111.","journal-title":"S. Brock (ed). Bailliere, Tindall and Cox: London, pps"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/69.4.280"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100033709"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"911","article-title":"Procedural memory during post-traumatic amnesia in survivors of severe closed head injury","volume":"46","author":"Ewert J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ewert J., , Levin H.S., , Watson M.G., , and Kalisky Z. (1989). Procedural memory during post-traumatic amnesia in survivors of severe closed head injury. Implications for rehabilitation. Arch. 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