{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:38:39Z","timestamp":1787168319000,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Few studies have analyzed the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool's (SCAT) utility among athletes whose concussion assessment is challenging. Using a previously published algorithm, we identified possible and probable concussions at &lt;6\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009393 males,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009265 females) and 24\u201348\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009323 males,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009236 females) post-injury within collegiate student-athletes and cadets from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium. We applied cluster analysis to characterize performance on the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and the SCAT symptom checklist for these athletes. Among the cluster sets that best separated acute concussions and normal performances, total symptom number raw score and change and post-traumatic migraine raw score and change score were the most frequent clustering variables across males and females at &lt;6\u2009h and 24\u201348\u2009h. Similarly, total symptom number raw score and change score and post-traumatic migraine raw score and change score were most significantly different between clusters for males and females at &lt;6\u2009h and 24\u201348\u2009h. Our results suggest that clinicians should focus on total symptom number, post-traumatic migraine symptoms, and cognitive-fatigue symptoms when assessing possible and probable concussions, followed by the SAC and BESS scores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:29:36Z","timestamp":1615163376000},"page":"102-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Developing Insights for Possible and Probable Acute Concussions Using Cluster Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gian-Gabriel P.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MGH Institute for Technology Assessment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Schumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariel S.","family":"Lavieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Koffijberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Broglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Alison","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren E.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara P.D.","family":"Chrisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Clugston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micky","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Eckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Feigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Hazzard Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Houston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Marie (Reed) Hoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lintner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"McGinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Mihalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Port","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Susmarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T","family":"Whitlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Injury Prevention & Control: Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/traumaticbraininjury\/ (Last accessed August31 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092248"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617713000805"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000175725.75780.DD"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512456193"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180383da5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000061"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092158"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100338"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5)","volume":"5","author":"Echemendia R.J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Echemendia R.J., , Meeuwisse W., , McCrory P., , Davis G.A., , Putukian M., , Leddy J., , Makdissi M., , Sullivan S.J., , Broglio S.P., , Raftery M., , Schneider K., , Kissick J., , McCrea M., , Dvorak J., , Sills A.K., , Aubry M., , Engebretsen L., , Loosemore M., , Fuller G., , Kutcher J., , Ellenbogen R., , Guskiewicz K., , Patricios J., , and Herring S. (2017). The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5). Br. J. Sports Med. 5, 1\u20133.","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0880-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516648141"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182585d37"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255479.90999.C0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1484166"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6098"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0707-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000433"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199804000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.8.2.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","unstructured":"Concussion in Sport Group (2013). Sport Concussion Assessment Tool - 3rd Edition. Br. J. Sports Med. 47 259."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa150"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000573"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz545"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400301"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.329"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2020.1725254"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","first-page":"Weinheim","article-title":"Die latent-class-analyse: Einf\u00fchrung in Theorie und Anwendung [Latent Class Analysis: Introduction to Theory and Application]","author":"Formann A.K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Formann A.K. (1984). Die latent-class-analyse: Einf\u00fchrung in Theorie und Anwendung [Latent Class Analysis: Introduction to Theory and Application]. Beltz:. Weinheim.","journal-title":"Beltz:"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Measurement of inequality, in: Handbook of Income Distribution","author":"Cowell F.A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cowell F.A. (2000). Measurement of inequality, in: Handbook of Income Distribution. Elsevier Science & Technology: Amsterdam. pps. 87\u2013166.","journal-title":"Elsevier Science & Technology: Amsterdam. pps"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050083"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01155-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000102"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318258a9fb"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.721006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e318207831d"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000279972.95060.CB"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512444554"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1669824"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058172"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000458974.78766.58"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7399","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:37:46Z","timestamp":1777675066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2020.7399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}