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These measures have evolved based on analyses of large amounts of longitudinal neurological recovery data published in numerous separate studies. This article reviews and synthesizes published data on neurological recovery from multiple sources, only utilizing data in which the sacral sparing definition was applied for determination of completeness. Conversion from a complete to incomplete injury is more common in tetraplegia than paraplegia. The majority of AIS conversion and motor recovery occurs within the first 6\u20139 months, with the most rapid rate of motor recovery occurring in the first three months after injury. Motor score changes, as well as recovery of motor levels, are described with the initial strength of muscles as well as the levels of the motor zone of partial preservation influencing the prognosis. Total motor recovery is greater for patients with initial AIS B than AIS A, and greater after initial AIS C than with motor complete injuries. Older age has a negative impact on neurological and functional recovery after SCI; however, the specific age (whether &gt;50 or &gt;65 years) and underlying reasons for this impact are unclear. Penetrating injury is more likely to lead to a classification of a neurological complete injury compared with blunt trauma and reduces the likelihood of AIS conversion at one year. There are insufficient data to support gender having a major effect on neurological recovery after SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:33:27Z","timestamp":1608338007000},"page":"1267-1284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Characterizing Natural Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Kirshblum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, New Jersy, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA."},{"name":"Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA."},{"name":"Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA."},{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury","author":"American Spinal Injury Association (2019)","unstructured":"American Spinal Injury Association (2019). 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