{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1792448356787,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) has become one of the most widely used outcome instruments to assess global disability and recovery after traumatic brain injury. Achieving consistency in the application of the assessment remains a challenge, particularly in multi-center studies involving many assessors. We present a manual for the GOSE interview that is designed to support both single- and multi-center studies and promote inter-rater agreement. Many patients fall clearly into a particular category; however, patients may have outcomes that are on the borderline between adjacent categories, and cases can present other challenges for assessment. The Manual includes the general principles of assessment, advice on administering each section of the GOSE interview, and guidance on \u201cborderline\u201d and \u201cdifficult\u201d cases. Finally, we discuss the properties of the GOSE, including strengths and limitations, and outline recommendations for assessor training, accreditation, and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T01:22:23Z","timestamp":1616203343000},"page":"2435-2446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":326,"title":["A Manual for the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Interview"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Boase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harborview Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy R.","family":"Temkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harborview Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Giacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Teasdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow Medical School, Glasgow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Manley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"480","article-title":"Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage","volume":"305","author":"Jennett B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jennett B., , and Bond M. 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