{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:03:50Z","timestamp":1782795830000,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) occur commonly; however, it is unknown to what degree they overlap. The study examined PCS and PTSS persisting 7 weeks after injury in children and adolescents ages 8-15 years with TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200989) or extracranial injury (EI;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940) after vehicle collisions. TBI was divided into mild, complicated-mild\/moderate, and severe groups. Parents retrospectively rated children's pre-injury symptoms and behavior problems, and children completed self-report measures after injury. PCS and PTSS total scores were significantly correlated in TBI and EI groups, respectively, for child (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.75;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.44), and adolescent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.61;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.67) cohorts. Generalized linear models examined whether injury type and severity, age, sex, and pre-injury symptom ratings predicted PCS and PTSS total scores and factor scores. Specific PCS and PTSS factor scores were elevated in different TBI severity groups, with most frequent problems following mild or severe TBI. PCS did not differ by age; however, girls had more emotional symptoms than boys. Only PTSS were predicted by pre-injury externalizing behavior. Significant age by sex interactions indicated that adolescent girls had more total, avoidance, and hyperarousal PTSS symptoms than younger girls or all boys. PCS and PTSS significantly overlapped in both TBI and EI groups, highlighting shared persistent symptoms after injury. Shared vulnerability factors included female sex, milder TBI, and poorer pre-injury adjustment. Older age was a unique vulnerability factor for PTSS. Psychological health interventions after injury should be customized to address comorbid symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T05:38:35Z","timestamp":1619242715000},"page":"2600-2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Post-Concussion and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Shared Vulnerability Factors?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Learning Institute and Department of Pediatrics, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janelle J.","family":"Montroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Learning Institute and Department of Pediatrics, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Learning Institute and Department of Pediatrics, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ewing-Cobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Learning Institute and Department of Pediatrics, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc.5571"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199908000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3555"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708090188"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Systematic Review","volume":"172","author":"Lumba-Brown A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lumba-Brown A., , Yeates K.O., , Sarmiento K., , Breiding M.J., , Haegerich T.M., , Gioia G.A., , Turner M., , Benzel E.C., , Suskauer S.J., , Giza C.C., , Joseph M., , Broomand C., , Weissman B., , Gordon W., , Wright D.W., , Moser R.S., , McAvoy K., , Ewing-Cobbs L., , Duhaime A.C., , Putukian M., , Holshouser B., , Paulk D., , Wade S.L., , Herring S.A., , Halstead M., , Keenan H.T., , Choe M., , Christian C.W., , Guskiewicz K., , Raksin P.B., , Gregory A., , Mucha A., , Taylor H.G., , Callahan J.M., , DeWitt J., , Collins M.W., , Kirkwood M.W., , Ragheb J., , Ellenbogen R.G., , Spinks T.J., , Ganiats T.G., , Sabelhaus L.J., , Altenhofen K., , Hoffman R., , Getchius T., , Gronseth G., , Donnell Z., , O'Connor R.E., and Timmons S.D. (2018). Diagnosis and Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Systematic Review. JAMA pediatrics, 172, e182847.","journal-title":"JAMA pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0939"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsr087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.729286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709990452"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Influence of sociodemographic, pre-morbid, and injury-related factors on post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury","author":"Zeldovich M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeldovich M., , Wu Y.J., , Gorbunova A., , Mikolic A., , Polinder S., , Plass A.M., , Covic A., , Asendorf T., , Andelic N., , Voormolen D.C., , and von Steinb\u00fcchel, , N.; Center-TBI Participants And Investigators. (2020). Influence of sociodemographic, pre-morbid, and injury-related factors on post-concussion symptoms after traumatic brain injury. J. Clin. Med. 9.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (2013)","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Publishing: Washington, D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsv074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000152537.15672.B7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.656789"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.944491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903508226"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.11.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.2741"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/1\/6\/461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80271-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3003_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4-18 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach T. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4-18 and 1991 Profile. University of Vermont College of Medicine: Burlington, VT."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.3.270.982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.666"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.2\/rbryant"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"442","article-title":"Post-concussion symptom reporting and the \u201cgood-old-days\u201d","volume":"25","author":"Lange R.T.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lange R.T., , Iverson G.L., , and Rose A. (2010). Post-concussion symptom reporting and the \u201cgood-old-days\u201d. bias following mild traumatic brain injury. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 25, 442\u2013450.","journal-title":"bias following mild traumatic brain injury. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6805"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2019-0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.4.0539"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818824000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S165077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-192702"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7541","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7541","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7541","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:38:16Z","timestamp":1777675096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2020.7541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2020.7541","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]}}}