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The present study was designed to examine whether cervical magnetic stimulation can be applied to evaluate diaphragmatic motor outputs in a pre-clinical rat model of cervical spinal injury. The bilateral diaphragm was monitored in anesthetized rats using electromyogram at the acute, subchronic, and chronic stages following left mid-cervical contusion. The center of a figure-of-eight coil was placed 20\u2009mm caudal to bregma to stimulate the cervical spinal cord. The results demonstrated that a single magnetic stimulation can evoke significant motor-evoked potentials in the diaphragms of uninjured animals when the animal's head was placed 30\u2009mm right or left from the center of the coil. The spontaneous bursting of the diaphragm was significantly attenuated by contusion injury at all-time-points post-injury. However, the threshold of the diaphragmatic motor-evoked potential was reduced, and the amplitude of the diaphragmatic motor-evoked potential was enhanced in response to cervical magnetic stimulation at the acute injury stage. Moreover, the motor-evoked potentials of the bilateral diaphragm in animals with contusions were generally larger when the coil was placed at the left spinal cord at the subchronic and chronic injury stages. These results suggested that cervical magnetic stimulation can be used to examine the excitability of phrenic motor outputs post-injury, and magnetic stimulation applied more laterally may be more effective for triggering diaphragmatic motor-evoked potentials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T05:36:01Z","timestamp":1619242561000},"page":"2122-2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Diaphragm Motor-Evoked Potential Induced by Cervical Magnetic Stimulation following Cervical Spinal Cord Contusion in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kun-Ze","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Min","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Vinit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902690104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4645"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06072.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753947"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92413-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036239"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.418"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113251"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000224881.88971.6c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.4.1311"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.6.1551"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199605)19:5<614::AID-MUS9>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.6.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90711-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation","author":"Wasserman E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wasserman E., , Epstein C.M., , and Ziemann U. 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