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Findings from clinical studies examining the interactions between ADHD and repetitive mTBI vary, likely because of variabilities in experimental design and outcome measures. We used a mouse model of perinatal nicotine exposure (PNE), which displays behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurotransmitter features consistent with ADHD and subjected the mice to repetitive mTBI. We used a closed head model of mTBI in awake, unanesthetized mice to mimic concussions in humans. The mTBI was repeated three times daily for seven days. The mice in the PNE-mTBI group took longer to regain consciousness after the mTBI and showed transient novelty-seeking and depression-like behaviors. Before the repetitive mTBI, the mice in the PNE group showed attention deficit, which persisted after the mTBI. The mice in the control (non-PNE) group showed a transient attention deficit after the repetitive mTBI but not any of the other behavioral changes seen in the PNE-mTBI group. These findings from an unanesthetized mouse model with a pre-existing condition show that ADHD and repetitive mTBI together contribute to transient novelty-seeking and depression-like behavior supporting the notion that untreated ADHD may be a risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes after concussions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T08:49:38Z","timestamp":1639644578000},"page":"954-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in an Awake, Unanesthetized Mouse Model of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure Produces Transient Novelty-Seeking and Depression-Like Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy W.","family":"Levenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina Cea","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Biederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Zafonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep G.","family":"Bhide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone S.V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faraone S.V., , Sergeant J., , Gillberg C., , and Biederman J. 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