{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:36:53Z","timestamp":1782743813040,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate calcium release from calcium stores and have been implicated in axonal degeneration. Here, we use an intravital imaging approach to determine axonal fate after spinal cord injury (SCI) in real-time and assess the efficacy of ryanodine receptor inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent intra-axonal calcium-mediated axonal degeneration. Adult 6-8 week old\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Thy1<\/jats:italic>\n                    YFP transgenic mice that express YFP in axons, as well as triple transgenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Avil<\/jats:italic>\n                    -Cre:Ai9:Ai95 mice that express the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f in tdTomato positive axons, were used to visualize axons and calcium changes in axons, respectively. Mice received a mild SCI at the T12 level of the spinal cord. Ryanodine, a RyR antagonist, was given at a concentration of 50\u2009\u03bcM intrathecally within 15\u2009min of SCI or delayed 3\u2009h after injury and compared with vehicle-treated mice. RyR inhibition within 15\u2009min of SCI significantly reduced axonal spheroid formation from 1\u2009h to 24\u2009h after SCI and increased axonal survival compared with vehicle controls. Delayed ryanodine treatment increased axonal survival and reduced intra-axonal calcium levels at 24\u2009h after SCI but had no effect on axonal spheroid formation. Together, our results support a role for RyR in secondary axonal degeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T08:51:46Z","timestamp":1639644706000},"page":"311-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inhibiting Calcium Release from Ryanodine Receptors Protects Axons after Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ben C.","family":"Orem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Rajaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Stirling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1661381"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-1008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.February.13.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"An L-type calcium channel blocker, nimodipine influences trauma induced spinal cord conduction and axonal injury in the rat","volume":"86","author":"Winkler T.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Winkler T., , Sharma H.S., , Stalberg E., , Badgaiyan R.D., , Gordh T., , and Westman J. 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