{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:04:20Z","timestamp":1778796260245,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Visual and vestibular deficits, as measured by a visio-vestibular examination (VVE), are markers of concussion in youth. Little is known about VVE evolution post-injury, nor influence of age or sex on trajectory. The objective was to describe the time trend of abnormal VVE elements after concussion. Two cohorts, 11\u201318 years, were enrolled: healthy adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009171) from a high school with VVE assessment before or immediately after their sport seasons and concussed participants (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009255) from a specialty care concussion program, with initial assessment \u226428 days from injury and VVE repeated throughout recovery during clinical visits. The primary outcome, compared between groups, is the time course of recovery of the VVE examination, defined as the probability of an abnormal VVE (\u22652\/9 abnormal elements) and modeled as a cubic polynomial of days after injury. We explored whether probability trajectories differed by: age (&lt;14 years vs. 14+ years), sex, concussion history (0 versus 1+), and days from injury to last assessment (\u226428 days vs. 29+ days). Overall, abnormal VVE probability peaked at 0.57 at day 8 post-injury, compared with an underlying prevalence of 0.083 for uninjured adolescents. Abnormal VVE probability peaked higher for those 14+ years, female, with a concussion history and whose recovery course was longer than 28 days post-injury, compared with their appropriate strata subgroups. Females and those &lt;14 years demonstrated slower resolution of VVE abnormalities. VVE deficits are common in adolescents after concussion, and the trajectory of resolution varies by age, sex, and concussion history. These data provide insight to clinicians managing concussions on the timing of deficit resolution after injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T01:50:56Z","timestamp":1656899456000},"page":"1382-1390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trajectories of Visual and Vestibular Markers of Youth Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kristy B.","family":"Arbogast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riddhi P.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Corwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."},{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fairuz N.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan S.","family":"Margulies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallace H. 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