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Therefore, in a rat model, we aimed to investigate whether the coexistence of TBI and a high-fat diet (HFD) has an additive effect, leading to more severe neurological impairments, and whether they are related to changes in brain protein markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (female, \u223c250\u2009g) were divided into HFD (43% fat) and diet (CD) (17% fat) groups for 6 weeks. Within each dietary group, half underwent a TBI by a weight-drop device, and the other half underwent sham surgery. Short-term memory and sensory function were measured at 24\u2009h, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post-TBI. Brain tissues were harvested at 24\u2009h and 6 weeks post-TBI, and markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity were measured via immunostaining and Western blotting. In rats without TBI, HFD increased the pre-synaptic protein synaptophysin. In rats with TBI, HFD resulted in worsened sensory and memory function, an increase in activated macrophages, and a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Our findings suggest that the additive effect of HFD and TBI worsens short term memory and sensation deficits, and may be driven by enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T07:57:05Z","timestamp":1654329425000},"page":"1547-1560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of High Fat Consumption on Neurological Functions after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yik Lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenju","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Machaalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Gorrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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