{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:51:15Z","timestamp":1791723075145,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Military service members are at increased risk for mental health issues, and comorbidity with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Largely overlapping symptoms between conditions suggest a shared pathophysiology. The present work investigates the associations among white matter microstructure, psychological functioning, and serum neuroactive steroids that are part of the stress-response system. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging was acquired from 163 participants (with and without military affiliation) and free-water-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was extracted. Associations between serum neurosteroid levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO) and pregnenolone (PREGNE), psychological functioning, and whole-brain white matter microstructure were assessed using regression models. Moderation models tested the effect of mTBI and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mTBI on these associations. ALLO is associated with whole-brain white matter FA\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.24,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093.05,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006). This association is significantly modulated by PTSD+mTBI comorbidity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.00,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.50,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027), although an mTBI diagnosis alone did not significantly impact this association (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.088). There was no significant association between PREGNE and FA\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.380). Importantly, lower FA\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    is associated with poor psychological functioning (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009-0.19,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009-2.35,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.020). This study provides novel insight into a potential common pathophysiological mechanism of neurosteroid dysregulation underlying the high risk for mental health issues in military service members. Further, comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI may bring the compensatory effects of the brain's stress response to their limit. Future research is needed to investigate whether neurosteroid regulation may be a promising tool for restoring brain health and improving psychological functioning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:57:08Z","timestamp":1667437028000},"page":"649-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["White Matter Microstructure Is Associated with Serum Neuroactive Steroids and Psychological Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Umminger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philine","family":"Rojczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Seitz-Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany."},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, 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