{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:59:30Z","timestamp":1787237970110,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The outcomes of cervical incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) are heterogeneous. This study sought to dissociate subgroups of cervical incomplete SCI patients with distinct longitudinal temporal profiles of recovery in upper limb motor function. Patients with cervical incomplete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale [AIS] B-D; C1-C8) were identified from four prospective, multi-center SCI datasets. A group-based trajectory model was fit to longitudinal upper extremity motor scores out to 1 year. Multi-variable multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify features that characterize each trajectory group. A classification system for predicting trajectory group at baseline was developed by recursive partitioning. In total, 801 patients were eligible. Four distinct trajectory groups were identified: 1) \u201cPoor outcome\u201d: Severe injury, very minimal recovery; 2) \u201cModerate recovery\u201d: Moderate-to-severe injury, moderate recovery; most recovery occurs by 6 months, with mild, gradual recovery continuing thereafter; 3) \u201cGood recovery\u201d: Moderate injury, good recovery; most recovery occurs by 3 months, with mild, gradual recovery continuing thereafter; and 4) \u201cExcellent outcome\u201d: Mild injury, recovery to normal\/near-normal by 3 months. On adjusted analyses, older age was associated with lower likelihood of \u201cexcellent outcome\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.020). AIS C and D injuries were associated with \u201cmoderate recovery,\u201d \u201cgood recovery,\u201d and \u201cexcellent outcome\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mid-cervical injuries occurred more frequently in \u201cmoderate recovery,\u201d \u201cgood recovery,\u201d and \u201cexcellent outcome\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) groups. Early surgical decompression (&lt; 24\u2009h) was associated with increased propensity for \u201cgood recovery\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039) and \u201cexcellent outcome\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.048). A classification model based on recursive partitioning could predict trajectory group using age, AIS grade, and neurological level with an area under the curve of 0.81. Patients with cervical incomplete SCI demonstrate distinct temporal profiles of recovery in upper limb motor function. The trajectory a patient is likely to follow may be predicted at baseline with fair accuracy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T09:29:41Z","timestamp":1657618181000},"page":"1654-1664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Novel Method to Classify Cervical Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Based on Potential for Recovery: A Group-Based Trajectory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jetan H.","family":"Badhiwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhaya V.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Harrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizhan","family":"Aarabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred H.","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.SPINE18682"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30444-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6250"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","first-page":"309","volume":"6","author":"Singh A","unstructured":"Singh A, , Tetreault L, , Kalsi-Ryan S, , Nouri A, , Fehlings MG. 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