{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:58:00Z","timestamp":1791932280180,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We prospectively evaluated a panel of seven blood biomarkers (S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], neuron specific enolase [NSE], spectrin breakdown products [SBDP], ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 [UCHL1], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], neurofilament light chain [NFL], and tubulin-associated unit [Tau]) for sport-related concussion (SRC) in a large multi-centric cohort of 496 professional rugby players from 14 French elite teams. Players were sampled twice during the season (beginning and end) away from any sport practice. From these two baseline samples, we evaluated the intra-individual variability to establish the effect of rugby on blood biomarkers over a season. Only S100B and GFAP remained stable over the course of a season. During the period of the study, a total of 45 SRC cases was reported for 42 players. In 45 SRCs, the head injury assessment (HIA) process was performed and blood collection was realized 36\u2009h after the concussion (HIA-3 stage). For each biomarker, raw concentrations measured 36\u2009h after SRC were not significantly different between players with a non-resolutive SRC (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200928) and those with a resolutive SRC (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    between 0.06 and 0.92). In a second step, blood concentrations measured 36\u2009h after SRC were expressed according to the basal concentrations as an individual percentage change (PCH36[%]), calculated as follows: PCH36\u2009=\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u2009(([Biomarker]36h - [Biomarker]basal)\/[Biomarker]basal). S100B and NFL concentrations expressed as PCH36[%] were significantly different between non-resolutive and resolutive SRCs (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006 and 0.01 respectively), with a positive delta found in non-resolutive SRCs. Among the two biomarkers, it is important to note that only the S100B protein was stable during the season. In the context of our study, during HIA-3 assessment, S100B seems to perform better than NSE, SBDP, UCHL1, GFAP, NFL, and Tau as biomarker for SRC. From a clinical standpoint, the S100B modification over baseline may be valuable, at 36\u2009h after concussion to distinguish non-resolutive SRC from resolutive SRC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T06:02:05Z","timestamp":1662012125000},"page":"283-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Blood Biomarkers for Return to Play after Concussion in Professional Rugby Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Oris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Durif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Rouzaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics unit (DRCI) Department, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Kahouadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Abbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Brailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PPC LBPC, University Hospital, INSERM, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Hirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PPC LBPC, University Hospital, INSERM, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Decq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Beaujon Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France."},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Clichy, France."},{"name":"Institut de Biom\u00e9canique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Dusfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Committee, French National Rugby League, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS-U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France."},{"name":"Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0233-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096461"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1440-2440(04)80035-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Second impact syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Bey T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bey T, , Ostick B. 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