{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:59:15Z","timestamp":1792252755382,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with several lasting impairments that affect quality of life. Pre-clinical models of TBI have been studied to further our understanding of the underlying short-term and long-term symptomatology. Neuromodulation techniques have become of great interest in recent years as potential rehabilitative therapies after injury because of their capacity to alter neuronal activity and neural circuits in targeted brain regions. This systematic review aims to provide an overlook of the behavioral and neurochemical effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in pre-clinical TBI models. After screening 629 abstracts, 30 articles were pooled for review. These studies showed that tDCS, TMS, DBS, or VNS delivered to rodents restored TBI-induced deficits in coordination, balance, locomotor activity and improved cognitive impairments in memory, learning, and impulsivity. Potential mechanisms for these effects included neuroprotection, a decrease in apoptosis, neuroplasticity, and the restoration of neural circuit abnormalities. The translational value, potential applicability, and the interpretation of these findings in light of outcome data from clinical trials in patients with TBI are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T02:11:31Z","timestamp":1660875091000},"page":"435-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neuromodulation Therapies in Pre-Clinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: Systematic Review and Translational Applications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Shanan","family":"Surendrakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thallita Kelly","family":"Rabelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina P.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Mollica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agessandro","family":"Abrahao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Lipsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Hamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3407"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-2-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1454-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374248-3.00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn13-020005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000643"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.598208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-052209-100401"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury; facts and figures","volume":"2","author":"Ghaffarpasand F","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghaffarpasand F, , Razmkon A, , Khalili H. Deep brain stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury; facts and figures. Bull Emerg Trauma, 2014; 2(3):101\u2013102.","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-014-0010-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91287-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2018.42.4.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1372946"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00633-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34461-0_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4540291"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4283"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.10.1496"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.3.416"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5918"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.05.089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3744"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110850"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.09.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320948065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9307-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","first-page":"4742","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation causes wake-promotion by affecting neurotransmitters via orexins pathway in traumatic brain injury induced comatose rats","volume":"11","author":"Dong X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong X, , Papa E, , Liu H, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation causes wake-promotion by affecting neurotransmitters via orexins pathway in traumatic brain injury induced comatose rats. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2018; 11(5):4742\u20134751","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3972"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.141783"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.226395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182569875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01183-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318292a4c2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s001216220300152x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Clinical effects of non-invasive cerebellar magnetic stimulation treatment combined with neuromotor rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury. a single case study","volume":"31","author":"Martino Cinnera A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martino Cinnera A, , Bonn\u00ec S, , Iosa M, et al. Clinical effects of non-invasive cerebellar magnetic stimulation treatment combined with neuromotor rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury. a single case study. Funct Neurol, 2016; 31(2):117\u2013120","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181f2d3e8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.905636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007748"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2034954"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Is electroconvulsive therapy a treatment for depression following traumatic brain injury?","volume":"15","author":"Srienc A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srienc A, , Narang P, , Sarai S, et al. Is electroconvulsive therapy a treatment for depression following traumatic brain injury?. Innov Clin Neurosci, 2018; 15(3\u20134):43\u201346","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000416"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417698235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31814faae5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"ECT as a Therapeutic option in severe brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Kant R","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kant R, , Bogyi AM, , Carosella NW, et al. ECT as a Therapeutic option in severe brain injury. Convuls Ther, 1995; 11(1):45\u201350","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415581986"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070815-013906"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858415591964"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0384-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgac016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.FOCUS18168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318217df55"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01129.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-016-0697-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.207"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2022.0286","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2022.0286","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2022.0286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:41:26Z","timestamp":1777675286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2022.0286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2022.0286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2022.0286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}