{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:55:19Z","timestamp":1791312919710,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sodium\/water transport through Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -Cl\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and sodium\/hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE1) in both astrocytes and endothelial cells is critical to cytotoxic and ionic edema following spinal cord injury (SCI). High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) promotes spinal cord edema after SCI. Accordingly, we sought to identify both the role of HMGB1 and the mechanism of its effect on NKCC1 and NHE1 expression in astrocytes and endothelial cells as well as the role of the regulation of spinal cord edema after SCI. An SCI model was generated in adult female rats using a heavy falling object, and an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation (OGD\/R) model was generated in rat spinal cord astrocytes and microvascular endothelial cells. The inhibition of HMGB1 reduced NKCC1 and NHE1 expression in the spinal cord of SCI rats, in cultured spinal cord astrocytes, and in cultured microvascular endothelial cells. The effects of HMGB1 on NKCC1 and NHE1 expression were mediated\u2014at least in part\u2014by activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)\u2013Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-\u03b2 (TRIF)\u2013nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway. The inhibition of NKCC1 or NHE1 decreased the spinal cord water content in rats following SCI, increased the Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentration in the medium of cultured astrocytes after OGD\/R, and reduced the astrocytic cell volume and AQP4 expression. These results imply that HMGB1 inhibition results in a reduction in NKCC1 and NHE1 expression in both astrocytes and microvascular endothelial cells and thus decreases spinal cord edema after SCI in rats and that these effects occur through the HMGB1\u2013TLR4\u2013TRIF\u2013NF-\u03baB signaling pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" orientation=\"portrait\" position=\"float\" xlink:href=\"10.1089_neu.2022.0318-img51001.jpg\"\/>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T06:33:38Z","timestamp":1677134018000},"page":"2522-2540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inhibition of HMGB1 Attenuates Spinal Cord Edema by Reducing the Expression of Na\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    -K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    -Cl\n                    <sup>-<\/sup>\n                    Cotransporter-1 and Na\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    \/H\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Exchanger-1 in Both Astrocytes and Endothelial Cells After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."},{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."},{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."},{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."},{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 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