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To address this gap, the objective of this study was to document inter-relationships between friendship quality, peer-related loneliness, and self-esteem 12 months post-injury. The sample in this prospective, longitudinal observational study consisted of 135 children, including 92 children with TBI (57 mild, 35 moderate-severe TBI) and 43 typically developing control (TDC) children. Children rated their friendship quality, loneliness, and self-esteem. Parents completed questionnaires measuring socioeconomic status and children's pre-injury functioning. At 12-month follow-up, ratings of friendship quality (perceived support and satisfaction with friendships), peer-related loneliness, and self-esteem were comparable between TBI and TDC participants. In mediation models, poorer quality friendships were associated with greater peer-related loneliness, and greater peer-related loneliness was related to reduced athletic and social self-esteem, at 12 months post-TBI. Loneliness with peers mediated the effects of both friendship support and friendship satisfaction on children's social self-esteem. Our preliminary findings suggest that regular monitoring of social interactions post-TBI might facilitate early identification of children who are likely to benefit from interventions targeting peer-related loneliness, which in turn may lower risk for poorer self-esteem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1689681546000},"page":"2100-2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Associations Between Peer Relationships and Self-Esteem After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring the Mediating Role of Loneliness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Noor","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hearps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Catroppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04414.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1641621"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000420"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2012-0742"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617714000393"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026990598122755"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2022.2062006"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24822"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","volume-title":"The Construction of the Self: A Developmental Perspective","author":"Harter S.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Harter S. 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