{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:42:17Z","timestamp":1789512137879,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    American-style football (ASF) players experience repetitive head impacts that may result in chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathological change (CTE-NC). At present, a definitive diagnosis of CTE-NC requires the identification of localized hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) after death via immunohistochemistry. Some studies suggest that positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-Flortaucipir (FTP) may be capable of detecting p-Tau and thus establishing a diagnosis of CTE-NC among living former ASF players. To assess associations between FTP, football exposure, and objective neuropsychological measures among former professional ASF players, we conducted a study that compared former professional ASF players with age-matched male control participants without repetitive head impact exposure. Former ASF players and male controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and PET using FTP for p-Tau and [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-PiB for amyloid-\u03b2. Former players underwent neuropsychological testing. The ASF exposure was quantified as age at first exposure, professional career duration, concussion signs and symptoms burden, and total years of any football play. Neuropsychological testing included measures of memory, executive functioning, and depression symptom severity. P-Tau was quantified as FTP standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) and [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]-PiB by distribution volume ratios (DVR) using cerebellar grey matter as the reference region. There were no significant differences in [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-FTP uptake among former ASF players (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200927, age\u2009=\u200950\u2009\u00b1\u20097 years) compared with control participants (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911, age\u2009=\u200955\u2009\u00b1\u20094 years), nor did any participant have significant amyloid-\u03b2 burden. Among ASF participants, there were no associations between objective measures of neurocognitive functioning and [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-FTP uptake. There was a marginally significant difference, however, between [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-FTP uptake isolated to the entorhinal cortex among players in age-, position-, and race-adjusted models (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05) that may represent an area of future investigation. The absence of increased [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-FTP uptake in brain regions previously implicated in CTE among former professional ASF players compared with controls questions the utility of [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-FTP PET for clinical evaluation in this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T02:49:48Z","timestamp":1686106188000},"page":"1614-1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tau Positron Emission Tomography and Neurocognitive Function Among Former Professional American-Style Football Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Maeva","family":"Dhaynaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Grashow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Normandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ona","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Dean","family":"Marengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc G.","family":"Weisskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank E.","family":"Speizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachsetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Herman A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas J.","family":"Guehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Beiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Neurology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant L.","family":"Iverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, 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