{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:25:51Z","timestamp":1780082751816,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increasing concerns have been raised about the long-term negative effects of subconcussive repeated head impact (RHI). To elucidate RHI injury mechanisms, many efforts have studied how head impacts affect the skull-brain biomechanics and have found that mechanical interactions at the skull-brain interface dampen and isolate brain motions by decoupling the brain from the skull. Despite intense interest,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    quantification of the functional state of the skull-brain interface remains difficult. This study developed a magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) based technique to non-invasively assess skull-brain mechanical interactions (i.e., motion transmission and isolation function) under dynamic loading. The full MRE displacement data were separated into rigid body motion and wave motion. The rigid body motion was used to calculate the brain-to-skull rotational motion transmission ratio (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>tr<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to quantify skull-brain motion transmissibility, and the wave motion was used to calculate the cortical normalized octahedral shear strain (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) (calculated based on a partial derivative computing neural network) to evaluate the isolation capability of the skull-brain interface. Forty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited to investigate the effects of age\/sex on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>tr<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and cortical\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 17 of 47 volunteers received multiple scans to test the repeatability of the proposed techniques under different strain conditions. The results showed that both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>tr<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    were robust to MRE driver variations and had good repeatability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between 0.68 and 0.97 (fair to excellent). No age or sex dependence were observed with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      R\n                      <jats:sub>tr<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas a significant positive correlation between age and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in the cerebrum, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but not in the occipital lobe (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.99). The greatest change in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    with age was found in the frontal lobe, one of the most frequent locations of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Except for the temporal lobe (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0087), there was no significant difference in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    between men and women. This work provides motivation for utilizing MRE as a non-invasive tool for quantifying the biomechanics of the skull-brain interface. It evaluated the age and sex dependence and may lead to a better understanding of the protective role and mechanisms of the skull-brain interface in RHI and TBI, as well as improve the accuracy of computational models in simulating the skull-brain interface.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T10:40:13Z","timestamp":1685097613000},"page":"2193-2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Elastography-Based Technique to Assess the Biomechanics of the Skull-Brain Interface: Repeatability and Age-Sex Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Camerucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keni","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Manduca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Ehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziying","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4413"},{"issue":"39","key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","article-title":"Subconcussive head impacts in sport: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"132","author":"Mainwaring L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mainwaring L, , Pennock KMF, , Mylabathula S, et al. 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