{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:07:47Z","timestamp":1789632467061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evaluating large data sets precludes the ability to directly measure individual experiences, instead relying on proxies to infer certain constructs. Blast exposure is a construct of study currently in its infancy, resulting in diverse definitions and measurements across studies. The purpose of the present study was to validate military occupational specialty (MOS) as a proxy for blast exposure in combat veterans. A total of 256 veterans (86.33% male) completed the Salisbury Blast Interview (SBI) and Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury (MMA-TBI). MOS was collected through record review and categorized into low and high risk for blast exposure. Chi-square analyses and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    tests compared SBI metrics between MOS categories. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MOS category in determining blast exposure severity. Veterans in high-risk MOS were more likely to have experienced blast and deployment TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than were those in low-risk MOS. ROC analyses indicated good specificity (81.29\u201388.00) for blast and deployment TBI outcomes, suggesting that low-risk MOS is generally associated with an absence of blast and deployment TBI outcomes. Sensitivity was low (36.46\u201351.14), indicating that MOS risk level was not a good predictor of the presence of these outcomes. Results demonstrate that high-risk MOSs will identify individuals with blast exposure and deployment TBI history whereas low-risk MOSs will capture a highly variable group. Accuracy of MOS categorization was not acceptable for diagnostic-level tests; however, results support its use as a screening measure for a history of exposure to blast, use in epidemiological studies, and considerations for military policy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T12:00:46Z","timestamp":1681473646000},"page":"2321-2329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validation of Military Occupational Specialty as a Proxy for Blast Exposure Using the Salisbury Blast Interview"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0059-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Martindale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Belding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron D.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared A.","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.835752"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1729418"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz289"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00619"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412925"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.6997"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000715"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Detection of malingering: Validation of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS)","volume":"25","author":"Smith GP","year":"1997","unstructured":"Smith GP, , Burger GK. Detection of malingering: Validation of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). J Amer Acad Psych Law, 1997; 25:183\u2013189.","journal-title":"J Amer Acad Psych Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp110"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6972"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","first-page":"CP1","article-title":"VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Concussion\/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)","volume":"46","author":"Management of Concussion\/mTBI Working Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"Management of Concussion\/mTBI Working Group. VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Concussion\/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). J Rehabil Res Dev, 2009; 46(6):CP1\u201368.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","unstructured":"Management of Concussion\/mTBI Working Group. 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