{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1777927432621,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neurophysiological diaschisis presents in traumatic brain injury (TBI) as functional impairment distant to the lesion site caused by axonal neuroexcitation and deafferentation. Diaschisis studies in TBI models have evaluated acute phase functional and microstructural changes. Here,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    biochemical changes and cerebral blood flow (CBF) dynamics following TBI are studied with magnetic resonance. Behavioral assessments, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and CBF measurements on rats followed cortical impact TBI. Data were acquired pre-TBI and 1-3\u2009h, 2-days, 7-days, and 14-days post-TBI. MRS was performed on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides in the cortex, striatum, and thalamus. Metabolites measured by MRS included\n                    <jats:bold>N<\/jats:bold>\n                    -acetyl aspartate (NAA), aspartate (Asp), lactate (Lac), glutathione (GSH), and glutamate (Glu). Lesion volume expanded for 2 days post-TBI and then decreased. Ipsilateral CBF dropped acutely versus baseline on both sides (-62% ipsilateral, -48% contralateral,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but then recovered in cortex, with similar changes in ipsilateral striatum. Metabolic changes versus baseline included increased Asp (+640% by Day 7 post-TBI,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and Lac (+140% on Day 2 post-TBI,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in ipsilateral cortex, while GSH (-67% acutely,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and NAA decreased (-50% on Day 2\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In contralateral cortex Lac decreased (-73% acutely,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Analysis of variance showed significance for Side (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), Time after TBI (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and interactions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.005) for Asp, GSH, Lac, and NAA. Transient decreases of GSH (-30%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, acutely) and NAA (-23% on Day 2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) occurred in ipsilateral striatum with reduced GSH (-42%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.005, acutely) in the contralateral striatum. GSH was decreased in ipsilateral thalamus (-59% ipsilateral on Day 2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Delayed increases of total choline were seen in the contralateral thalamus were noted as well (+21% on Day 7 post-TBI,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Both CBF and neurometabolite concentration changes occurred remotely from the TBI site, both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Decreased Lac levels on the contralateral cortex following TBI may be indicative of reduced anaerobic metabolism during the acute phase. The timing and locations of the changes suggest excitatory and inhibitory signaling processes are affecting post-TBI metabolic fluctuations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T07:38:38Z","timestamp":1710401918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metabolic Diaschisis in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Boggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lora T.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1958.02340040020002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d0ccdd"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu101"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.v8.i1.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4575"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.601047"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006350918060209"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1607672919010071"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3193"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3904"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3563"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-2-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/50303"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0320-7_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-4825(01)00006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0796-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-013-0393-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"RStudio: integrated development environment for R","volume":"770","author":"Allaire J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allaire J. 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