{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:06:21Z","timestamp":1781247981059,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is often accompanied by neurological and ocular symptoms that involve trigeminal nerve pathways. Laser-induced shock wave (LISW) was applied to the skull of male rats as a model for mTBI, while behavioral and neural recording methods were used to assess trigeminal function. The LISW caused greater eye wiping behavior to ocular instillation of hypertonic saline (Sham\u2009=\u20094.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65 wipes\/5\u2009min, LISW\u2009=\u200912.71\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89 wipes\/5\u2009min,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and a marked reduction in the time spent in bright light consistent with enhanced periocular and intraocular hypersensitivity, respectively (Sham\u2009=\u200916.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u2009s, LISW\u2009=\u2009115.5\u2009\u00b1\u200927.3\u2009s,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). To address the early neural mechanisms of mTBI, single trigeminal brainstem neurons, identified by activation to corneal or dural mechanical stimulation, were recorded in trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris\/caudalis (Vi\/Vc) and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis\/upper cervical cord (Vc\/C1) regions. The LISW caused marked sensitization to hypertonic saline and to exposure to bright light in neurons of both regions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Laser speckle imaging revealed an increase in meningeal arterial blood flow to bright light after LISW (Sham\u2009=\u20094.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u2009s, LISW\u2009=\u2009469.0\u2009\u00b1\u200937.9\u2009s,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Local inhibition of synaptic activity at Vi\/Vc, but not at Vc\/C1, by microinjection of CoCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , prevented light-evoked increases in meningeal blood flow in LISW-treated rats. By contrast, topical meningeal application of phenylephrine significantly reduced light-evoked responses of Vi\/Vc and Vc\/C1 neurons. These data suggested that neurons in both regions became sensitized after LISW and were responsive to changes in meningeal blood flow. Neurons at the Vi\/Vc transition and at Vc\/C1, however, likely serve different roles in mediating the neurovascular and sensory aspects of mTBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T01:57:55Z","timestamp":1703037475000},"page":"985-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trigeminal Sensitization in a Closed Head Model for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Akimasa","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bereiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Kawauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2012.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420909865"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316417"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02160.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.208594"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bereiter DA Hargreaves KM Hu JW. 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