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However, soldiers as well as law enforcement personnel may be repeatedly exposed to low-level blasts during training sessions with heavy weaponries as part of combat readiness. Service personnel who sustain neurotrauma from repeated low-level blast (rLLB) exposure do not display overt pathological symptoms immediately but rather develop mild symptoms including cognitive impairments, attention deficits, mood changes, irritability, and sleep disturbances over time. Recently, we developed a rat model of rLLB by applying controlled low-level blast pressures (\u2264 70\u2009kPa) repeated five times successively to mimic the pressures experienced by service members. Using this model, we assessed anxiety-like symptoms, motor coordination, and short-term memory as a function of time. We also investigated the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a complex involved in chronic microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 release, in rLLB-induced neuroinflammation. NLRP3 and caspase-1 protein expression, microglial activation, and IL-1\u03b2 release were examined as factors likely contributing to these neurobehavioral changes. Animals exposed to rLLB displayed acute and chronic short-term memory impairments and chronic anxiety-like symptoms accompanied by increased microglial activation, NLRP3 expression, and IL-1\u03b2 release. Treatment with MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome complex inhibitor, suppressed microglial activation, reduced NLRP3 expression and IL-1\u03b2 release, and improved short-term memory deficits after rLLB exposure. Collectively, this study demonstrates that rLLB induces chronic neurobehavioral and neuropathological changes by increasing NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression followed by cytokine IL-1\u03b2 release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T04:08:27Z","timestamp":1706155707000},"page":"1450-1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["MCC950 Attenuates Microglial NLRP3-Mediated Chronic Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Arun Reddy","family":"Ravula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA."},{"name":"Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kakulavarapu V. 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