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This systematic review and consultation aimed to identify acute interventions with potential to modify clinical outcomes for people after msTBI, for inclusion in a data dictionary. Standardized searches were implemented across bibliographic databases from inception through April 2022. English-language reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any association between any acute intervention and clinical outcome in at least 100 patients with msTBI, were included. A predefined algorithm was used to assign a value to each observed association. Consultation with AUS-TBI clinicians and researchers formed the consensus process for interventions to be included in a single data dictionary. Searches retrieved 14,455 records, of which 124 full-length RCTs were screened, with 35 studies included. These studies evaluated 26 unique acute interventions across 21 unique clinical outcomes. Only 4 interventions were considered to have medium modifying value for any outcome from the review, with an additional 8 interventions agreed upon through the consensus process. The interventions with medium value were tranexamic acid and phenytoin, which had a positive effect on an outcome; and decompressive craniectomy surgery and hypothermia, which negatively affected outcomes. From the systematic review and consensus process, 12 interventions were identified as potential modifiers to be included in the AUS-TBI national data resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T07:47:20Z","timestamp":1706341640000},"page":"2051-2066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative: Systematic Review of the Effect of Acute Interventions on Outcome for People With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jemma","family":"Keeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia."},{"name":"Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western 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