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(2021), we reported histological changes following weight-drop-induced TBI in a rodent model including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, decreased electroretinogram (ERG) evoked potential, optic nerve diameter reduction, induced inflammation and gliosis, and loss of myelin accompanied by markedly impaired visual acuity. In this review, we will describe several pre-clinical TBI models that result in injuries to the visual system, indicating that visual function may be impaired following brain injury induced by a number of different injury modalities. This underscores the importance of understanding the role of the visual system and the potential detrimental sequelae to this sensory modality post-TBI. Given that most commonly employed behavioral tests such as the Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze rely on an intact visual system, interpretation of functional deficits in diffuse models may be confounded by off- target effects on the visual system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T10:01:49Z","timestamp":1710756109000},"page":"1842-1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visual Impairment in Pre-Clinical Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Orbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva J","family":"Melendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Mannix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Guilhaume-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Frieden T Houry D Baldwin G. 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