{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:18Z","timestamp":1787008218794,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies have demonstrated associations between cumulative concussion and repetitive head impact exposure (RHI) through contact sports with white matter (WM) alterations later in life. The course of WM changes associated with exposure earlier in the lifespan is unclear. This study investigated alterations in white matter (WM hyperintensity [WMH] volume and microstructural changes) associated with concussion and RHI exposure from adolescence to early midlife, as well as the interaction between exposure and age cohort (i.e., adolescent\/young adult compared with early midlife athlete cohorts) on WM outcomes. Participating football players included an adolescent\/young adulthood cohort (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 82;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 18.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7) and an early midlife cohort (37 former collegiate players approximately 15 years removed from sport;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 37.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4). Years of football participation and number of prior concussions were exposures of interest. White matter outcomes included log-transformed manually segmented total WMH volume and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging metrics of microstructure\/organization (isotropic volume fraction [V\n                    <jats:sub>iso<\/jats:sub>\n                    ], intracellular volume fraction [V\n                    <jats:sub>ic<\/jats:sub>\n                    ], and orientation dispersion [OD]). Regression models were fit to test the effects of concussion history, years of football participation, and age cohort by years of football participation with WM outcomes. Spearman\u2019s correlations assessed associations between significant WM metrics and measures of cognitive and psychological function. A significant age cohort by years of participation effect was observed for whole brain white matter OD, B = \u22120.002, SE = 0.001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001. The interaction was driven by a negative association between years of participation and OD within the younger cohort, B = \u22120.001, SE = 0.0004,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008, whereas a positive association between participation and OD in the early midlife cohort, B = 0.001, SE = 0.0003,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.039, was observed. Follow-up ROI analyses showed significant interaction effects for OD in the body of the corpus callosum, genu of the corpus callosum, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and posterior thalamic radiation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values &lt;0.05). Greater concussion history was significantly associated with greater V\n                    <jats:sub>iso<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the early midlife cohort, B = 0.001, SE = 0.0002,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.010. Years of participation and concussion history were not associated with WMH volume,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values &gt;0.05. Performance on a measure of executive function was significantly associated with years of participation, \u03c1 = 0.34,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04, and a trend was observed for OD, \u03c1 = 0.28,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.09 in the early midlife cohort only. The global characterization of white matter changes associated with years of football participation were broadly similar and stable from adolescence through early midlife (i.e., microstructural alterations, but not macroscopic lesions). An inverse association between years of participation and orientation dispersion across age cohorts may represent a process of initial recovery\/reorganization proximal to sport, followed by later reduction of white matter coherence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T09:43:11Z","timestamp":1714038191000},"page":"2307-2322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["White Matter Hyperintensities and Microstructural Alterations in Contact Sport Athletes from Adolescence to Early Midlife"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Brett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsia","family":"Vazirnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Omidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Guskiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002802"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12929"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.035607"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8775"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4413"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3313"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00673"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012580"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00617-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7376"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.204685"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318277387e"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201205"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz162"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12091"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.25166"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.9.1202"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12410"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000505"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2244"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12779"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6055"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab176"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000157"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765121"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0449"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01185-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)70884-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24998"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526794.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18): Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual","author":"Derogatis L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Derogatis L. Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18): Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual. Pearson: Bloomington, MN; 2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa260"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207543"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23859"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac221"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8141-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4446"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6886"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27774"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6862"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00081"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318830"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01877-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108908"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00548-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101669"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr161"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_2","volume-title":"Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Sophie Su Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sophie Su Y, , Veeravagu A, , Grant G. Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury. (Laskowitz D, , Grant G. eds). Frontiers in Neuroscience CRC Press\/Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton (FL); 2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm294"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116258"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13057"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab106"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.12.JNS132092"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020980"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01497-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012532"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00456-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_79_2","unstructured":"National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2000-01 NCAA Student-Athlete Ethnicity Report. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_80_2","unstructured":"National Collegiate Athletic Association. NCAA demographics database. 2023 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sports\/2018\/12\/13\/ncaa-demographics-database.aspx [Last accessed January24 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/5\/mmwr.mm6922a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.3.305"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14472"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0609","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0609","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:44:55Z","timestamp":1777675495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19-20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neu.2023.0609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2023.0609","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-7151","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}}}